Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/346)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

been cured] (1), “What was most difficult for you in your affliction?” He replied, “The gloating of enemies.” It was also said that he said this when a worm fell from his thigh, so he returned it to its place.

He said, “Eat, for Allah has made me your food.” It then bit him with a bite whose pain exceeded all that he had suffered from the bites of the worms. If it is asked: Allah called him patient, yet he expressed complaint and distress in His words, “Indeed, adversity has touched me,” and “Satan has afflicted me with hardship and suffering” (Sad 38:41). The answer is that this was not a complaint; rather, it was a supplication, as demonstrated by His, Most High, words: “So We answered him.” Moreover, distress lies only in complaining to people. As for complaining to Allah, exalted is He, it is neither distress nor a relinquishment of patience, just as Jacob said: “I only ⦗21/a⦘ complain of my anguish and sorrow to Allah” (Joseph 12:86).

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: Likewise, whoever expresses his complaint to people while being content with Allah’s decree is not considered distressed or impatient. It is related that Gabriel entered upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, during his illness and asked, “How do you find yourself?” He replied, “I find myself grieved and distressed.” (2)

When Aisha said, “Oh, my head!” he said to her, “Rather, it is I whose head aches.” (3)

“So We answered him, removed the adversity that afflicted him, and restored his family to him, along with the like thereof—a mercy from Us and a reminder for the worshippers.” (21:84)

The words of Allah, exalted is He, “So We answered him and removed the adversity that afflicted him,” mean that He said to him, “Strike the ground with your foot.” So he struck the ground with his foot, and a spring of water gushed forth. (4) Allah commanded him to bathe from it, and he did so; thus every illness affecting his outward body disappeared. He then walked forty steps, whereupon Allah commanded him to strike the ground once more with his foot. He did so, and a spring of cool water gushed forth. Allah commanded him to drink from it, and every illness within him disappeared. Thus he became as healthy and handsome as any man could be.

“And We restored his family to him, along with the like thereof.” The scholars differed concerning this. Ibn Masud, Qatadah, Ibn Abbas, al-Hasan, and most exegetes said: Allah, exalted is He, restored his family and children to him in their very persons: Allah brought them back to life for him and granted him an equal number alongside them. This is the apparent meaning of the Quran. (5)

Al-Hasan said: Allah granted him an equal number in offspring and wealth, and restored his wealth (6) and his family to him. This is indicated by what is narrated from

(1) Omitted from manuscript B. (2) A passage from a lengthy hadith reported by al-Tabarani in al-Mujam al-Kabir, 3:139. Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawaid, 9:35: “Its chain includes Abd Allah ibn Maymun al-Qaddah, whose hadith is rejected.” (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Patients, chapter: “What concession is granted to a sick person to say, ‘I am in pain,’ or ‘O my head!’ ...,” 10:123. (4) Omitted from manuscript B. (5) Al-Tabari reported these statements, 17:72-73. (6) Omitted from manuscript B.

عُوفِيَ] (١) مَا كَانَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيْكَ فِي بَلَائِكَ قَالَ: شَمَاتَةُ الْأَعْدَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: قَالَ ذَلِكَ حِينَ وَقَعَتْ دُودَةٌ مِنْ فَخْذِهِ فَرَدَّهَا إِلَى مَوْضِعِهَا. وَقَالَ كُلِي: فَقَدْ جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ طَعَامَكِ فَعَضَّتْهُ عَضَّةً زَادَ أَلَمُهَا عَلَى جَمِيعِ مَا قَاسَى مِنْ عَضِّ الدِّيدَانِ. فَإِنْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمَّاهُ صَابِرًا وَقَدْ أَظْهَرَ الشَّكْوَى وَالْجَزَعَ، بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِنِّي مَسَّنِيَ الضُّرُّ﴾ وَ ﴿مَسَّنِيَ الشَّيْطَانُ بِنُصْبٍ﴾ (ص: ٤١) ، قِيلَ: لَيْسَ هَذَا شِكَايَةً إِنَّمَا هُوَ دُعَاءٌ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ﴾ عَلَى أَنَّ الْجَزَعَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ فِي الشَّكْوَى إِلَى الْخَلْقِ فَأَمَّا الشَّكْوَى إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ فَلَا يَكُونُ جَزَعًا وَلَا تَرْكَ صَبْرٍ كَمَا قَالَ يعقوب: ﴿إِنَّمَا ٢١/أأَشْكُو بَثِّي وَحُزْنِي إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ (يُوسُفَ: ٨٦) . قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ أَظْهَرَ الشَّكْوَى إِلَى النَّاسِ وَهُوَ رَاضٍ بِقَضَاءِ اللَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ جَزَعًا كَمَا رُوِيَ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ دَخْلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ؟ قَالَ: "أَجِدُنِي مَغْمُومًا وَأَجِدُنِي مَكْرُوبًا" (٢) . وَقَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ حِينَ قَالَتْ وَارَأْسَاهُ، "بَلْ أَنَا وَارَأْسَاهُ" (٣) . ﴿فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِ مِنْ ضُرٍّ وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمِثْلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا وَذِكْرَى لِلْعَابِدِينَ (٨٤) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِ مِنْ ضُرٍّ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ارْكُضْ بِرِجْلِكَ فَرَكَضَ بِرِجْلِهِ فَنَبَعَتْ عَيْنُ [مَاءٍ] (٤) فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ مِنْهَا فَفَعَلَ فَذَهَبَ كُلُّ دَاءٍ كَانَ بِظَاهِرِهِ، ثُمَّ مَشَى أَرْبَعِينَ خُطْوَةً فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَضْرِبَ بِرِجْلِهِ الْأَرْضَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَفَعَلَ فَنَبَعَتْ عَيْنُ مَاءٍ بَارِدٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ فَشَرِبَ مِنْهَا فَذَهَبَ كُلُّ دَاءٍ كَانَ بِبَاطِنِهِ فَصَارَ كَأَصَحِّ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَأَجْمَلِهِمْ. ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمِثْلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ﴾ وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَقَتَادَةُ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَأَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: رَدَّ اللَّهُ ﷿ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلَهُ وَأَوْلَادَهُ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ أَحْيَاهُمُ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ مِثْلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ، وَهُوَ ظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ (٥) . قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمِثْلَ مِنْ نَسْلِ مَالِهِ الَّذِي رَدَّهُ اللَّهُ [إِلَيْهِ وَأَهْلَهُ] (٦) يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا رَوَى

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) قطعة من حديث طويل أخرجه الطبراني في "المعجم الكبير": ٣ / ١٣٩، قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٩ / ٣٥ "فيه عبد الله ابن ميمون القداح، وهو ذاهب الحديث". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المرضى، باب: ما رخص للمريض أن يقول: أني وجع، أو وارأساه. . .: ١٠ / ١٢٣. (٤) ساقط من "ب". (٥) أخرج الطبري هذه الأقوال: ١٧ / ٧٢-٧٣. (٦) ساقط من "ب".