Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/330)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

say: “There will be migration after migration, and the best of people will be those who go to the place of Abraham’s migration.” (1)

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: Men from his people responded to Abraham, when they saw what Allah had done for him by making the Fire cool and safe for him, though they feared Nimrod and his chiefs. Lot believed in him; he was his nephew, Lot ibn Haran ibn Terah. Haran was Abraham’s brother, and they had a third brother named Nahor ibn Terah. Sarah also believed in him. She was his paternal cousin, Sarah bint Haran the Elder, Abraham’s paternal uncle.

So he left Kutha, in the land of Iraq, emigrating to his Lord, accompanied by Lot and Sarah, as Allah Most High says: “So Lot believed him, and Abraham said, ‘Indeed, I am emigrating to my Lord.’” (al-Ankabut 29:26) He set out, seeking to preserve his religion and to worship his Lord in safety, until he settled in Harran, where he remained for as long as Allah willed. He then departed from there as an emigrant, until he arrived in Egypt. Then he left Egypt for the Levant and settled in al-Sab, in the land of Palestine—the wilderness of the Levant. Lot settled in the Overturned Cities, which were within al-Sab, at a distance of a day and a night’s journey, or less. Allah then sent him as a prophet. This is the meaning of His saying, Most High: “And We saved him and Lot, bringing them to the land We blessed for all peoples.” (3)

“And We bestowed upon him Isaac, and Jacob as an additional gift, and made each of them righteous.” (72)

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Jihad, chapter on residing in Syria, 3:353-354; al-Hakim, 4:486-487; Ahmad, 2:199; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:209. More than one scholar criticized Shahr ibn Hawshab. (2) Yaqut said: Al-Sab'—with the ba unvowelled—is a district in Palestine, between Jerusalem and al-Karak, containing seven wells; the place was named after them. It belonged to Amr ibn al-As, who stayed there when he withdrew from the people. He added: Most people narrate this with the ba vowelled with fathah. (3) Al-Tabari also reported it from Ibn Ishaq, 17:47, along with other views. He then stated, preferring the view that Abraham's migration was from Iraq to Syria: “We chose this view because there is no disagreement among all scholars that Abraham migrated from Iraq to Syria, where he resided throughout his life. Although he had come to Mecca, built the House there, and settled his son Ishmael there with his mother Hagar, he did not reside there or adopt it as a homeland, nor did Lot. Allah only informed us that He saved Abraham and Lot to the land which He had blessed for all the worlds.”

يَقُولُ: "إِنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ هِجْرَةٌ بَعْدَ هِجْرَةٍ، فَخِيَارُ النَّاسِ إِلَى مُهَاجَرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ" (١) . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: اسْتَجَابَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ رِجَالُ قَوْمِهِ حِينَ رَأَوْا مَا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ جَعْلِ النَّارِ عَلَيْهِ بَرْدًا وَسَلَامًا عَلَى خَوْفٍ مِنْ نَمْرُودَ وَمَلَئِهِمْ وَآمَنَ بِهِ لُوطٌ، وَكَانَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ لُوطُ بْنُ هَارَانَ بْنِ تَارِخَ، وَهَارَانُ هُوَ أَخُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَكَانَ لَهُمَا أَخٌ ثَالِثٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ نَاخُورُ بْنُ تَارِخَ، وَآمَنَتْ بِهِ أَيْضًا سَارَةُ وَهِيَ بِنْتُ عَمِّهِ وَهِيَ سَارَةُ بِنْتُ هَارَانَ الْأَكْبَرِ، عَمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ كَوْثَى مِنْ أَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى رَبِّهِ، وَمَعَهُ لُوطٌ وَسَارَةُ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَآمَنَ لَهُ لُوطٌ وَقَالَ إِنِّي مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَى رَبِّي﴾ (العَنْكَبُوتِ: ٢٦) ، فَخَرَجَ يَلْتَمِسُ الْفِرَارَ بِدِينِهِ وَالْأَمَانَ عَلَى عِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ حَرَّانَ فَمَكَثَ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُهَاجِرًا حَتَّى قَدِمَ مِصْرَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ مِصْرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَنَزَلَ السَّبْعَ (٢) مِنْ أَرْضِ فِلَسْطِينَ، وَهِيَ بَرِّيَّةُ الشَّامِ، وَنَزَلَ لُوطٌ بِالْمُؤْتَفِكَةِ وَهِيَ مِنَ السَّبْعِ عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، وَأَقْرَبُ، فَبَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ نَبِيًّا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَلُوطًا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا لِلْعَالَمِينَ﴾ (٣) . ﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ نَافِلَةً وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا صَالِحِينَ (٧٢) ﴾

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الجهاد، باب في سكنى الشام ٣ / ٣٥٣ - ٣٥٤، والحاكم: ٤ / ٤٨٦ - ٤٨٧، وأحمد: ٢ / ١٩٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٠٩ وشهر بن حوشب تكلم فيه غير واحد. (٢) قال ياقوت: والسبع - بسكون الباء: ناحية في فلسطين، بين بيت المقدس والكرك، فيه سبع آبار، سمي الموضع بذلك، وكان ملكا لعمرو بن العاص أقام به لما اعتزل الناس، قال: وأكثر الناس يروي هذا بفتح الباء. (٣) وأخرجه الطبري عن ابن إسحاق: ١٧ / ٤٧ مع أقوال أخر، ثم قال مرجحا أن هجرة إبراهيم كانت من العراق إلى الشام: وإنما اخترنا ما اخترنا من القول في ذلك لأنه لا خلاف بين جميع أهل العلم أن هجرة إبراهيم من العراق كانت إلى الشام، وبها كان مقامه أيام حياته، وإن كان قد كان قدم مكة، وبنى بها البيت، وأسكنها إسماعيل ابنه مع أمه هاجر، غير أنه لم يقم بها، ولم يتخذها وطنا لنفسه، ولا لوط، والله إنما أخبر عن إبراهيم ولوط أنهما أنجاهما إلى الأرض التي بارك فيها للعالمين.