Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/321)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say, ‘I warn you only by revelation.’ But the deaf do not hear the call when they are warned. (45) Yet if even a breath of your Lord’s punishment were to touch them, they would surely say, ‘Woe to us! We were indeed wrongdoers.’ (46) And We shall set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least. Even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, We shall bring it forth. And sufficient are We as Reckoners. (47)”

“Say, ‘I warn you only by revelation,’” that is, I warn you by the Quran. “But the deaf do not hear the call”: Ibn ʿĀmir recited it with the letter tāʾ bearing ḍammah and the mīm kasrah, reading “the deaf” in the accusative, thus making the address directed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. The others recited it with the letter yāʾ and the mīm both bearing fatḥah, reading “the deaf” in the nominative. “When they are warned,” that is, when they are frightened.

“And if even a breath were to touch them,” that is, were to afflict them. “A breath”: Ibn ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “A portion.” It was also said: “A little.” Ibn Jurayj said: “A share,” as in their saying, “So-and-so gave so-and-so a share of his wealth,” meaning that he gave him a portion of it. It was also said to mean: “A blow,” as when they say, “The beast struck with its leg,” meaning that it kicked. “Of your Lord’s punishment, they would surely say, ‘Woe to us! We were indeed wrongdoers,’” that is, because of our destruction; indeed, we were polytheists. They invoked woe upon themselves after admitting their polytheism.

“And We shall set up the scales of justice,” that is, scales characterized by justice; and justice means fairness. “For the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be wronged in the least”: nothing will be diminished from the reward for its good deeds, nor anything added to its evil deeds. Reports state that the Scale has a tongue and two pans (1).

It is related that David, peace be upon him, asked his Lord to show him the Scale. He showed him that each pan extended from east to west, and David fainted. When he regained consciousness, he said, “My God, who is able to fill his pan with good deeds?” He said, “O David, if I [when] (2) am pleased with My servant, I fill it with a single date (3).”

“And if it be the weight of a mustard seed”: the people of Medina recited the word “weight” in the nominative here and in the surah of

(1) Al-Lalakai related in Sharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl al-Sunnah, 6:1173, from Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Sulayman, who said: “The Scale (al-mizan) was mentioned in the presence of al-Hasan, and he said: ‘It has a tongue and two pans.’” Numerous hadiths likewise indicate this. See Sharh al-Tahawiyyah, pp. 480-484; al-Safarini, Lawami al-Anwar al-Bahiyyah, 2:184-186. (2) Omitted from manuscript “A.” (3) Al-Qurtubi mentioned it in al-Tadhkirah. See Lawami al-Anwar al-Bahiyyah, 2:184.

﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا أُنْذِرُكُمْ بِالْوَحْيِ وَلَا يَسْمَعُ الصُّمُّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا مَا يُنْذَرُونَ (٤٥) وَلَئِنْ مَسَّتْهُمْ نَفْحَةٌ مِنْ عَذَابِ رَبِّكَ لَيَقُولُنَّ يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ (٤٦) وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَازِينَ الْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْئًا وَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ أَتَيْنَا بِهَا وَكَفَى بِنَا حَاسِبِينَ (٤٧) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنَّمَا أُنْذِرُكُمْ بِالْوَحْيِ﴾ أَيْ أُخَوِّفُكُمْ بِالْقُرْآنِ، ﴿وَلَا يَسْمَعُ الصُّمُّ الدُّعَاءَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ بِالتَّاءِ وَضَمِّهَا وَكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ، "الصُّمَّ" نُصِبَ، جَعَلَ الْخِطَابَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ وَفَتْحِهَا وَفَتْحِ الْمِيمِ، "الصُّمُّ" رُفِعَ، ﴿إِذَا مَا يُنْذَرُونَ﴾ يُخَوَّفُونَ. ﴿وَلَئِنْ مَسَّتْهُمْ﴾ أَصَابَتْهُمْ ﴿نَفْحَةٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ طَرَفٌ. وَقِيلَ: قَلِيلٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: نَصِيبٌ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ نَفَحَ فُلَانٌ لِفُلَانٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ أَيْ أَعْطَاهُ حَظًّا مِنْهُ. وَقِيلَ: ضَرْبَةٌ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ نَفَحَتِ الدَّابَّةُ بِرِجْلِهَا إِذَا ضَرَبَتْ، ﴿مِنْ عَذَابِ رَبِّكَ لَيَقُولُنَّ يَا وَيْلَنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَالِمِينَ﴾ أَيْ بِإِهْلَاكِنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا مُشْرِكِينَ، دَعَوْا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ بِالْوَيْلِ بَعْدَمَا أَقَرُّوا بِالشِّرْكِ. ﴿وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَازِينَ الْقِسْطَ﴾ أَيْ ذَوَاتِ الْقِسْطِ، وَالْقِسْطُ: الْعَدْلُ، ﴿لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْئًا﴾ لَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْ ثَوَابِ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَلَا يُزَادُ عَلَى سَيِّئَاتِهِ، وَفِي الْأَخْبَارِ: إِنَّ الْمِيزَانَ لَهُ لِسَانٌ وَكِفَّتَانِ (١) . رُوِيَ أَنَّ دَاوُدَ ﵇ سَأَلَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُرِيَهُ الْمِيزَانَ فَأَرَاهُ كُلَّ كِفَّةٍ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ فَقَالَ: يَا إِلَهِي مَنِ الَّذِي يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَمْلَأَ كِفَّتَهُ حَسَنَاتٍ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا دَاوُدُ إِنِّي [إِذَا] (٢) رَضِيتُ عَلَى عَبْدِي مَلَأْتُهَا بِتَمْرَةٍ (٣) . ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ ﴿مِثْقَالَ﴾ بِرَفْعِ اللَّامِ هَاهُنَا وَفِي سُورَةِ

(١) أخرج اللالكائي في شرح أصول اعتقاد أهل السنة: ٦ / ١١٧٣ عن عبد الملك بن أبي سليمان قال: ذكر الميزان عند الحسن فقال: له لسان وكفتان. ويدل على ذلك أحاديث كثيرة: وانظر: شرح الطحاوية صفحة: (٤٨٠ - ٤٨٤) ، لوامع الأنوار البهية للسفاريني: ٢ / ١٨٤ - ١٨٦. (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) ذكره القرطبي في التذكرة، انظر: لوامع الأنوار البهية: ٢ / ١٨٤.