Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/318)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Whenever the disbelievers see you, they treat you only with mockery: ‘Is this the one who speaks against your gods?’ Yet they themselves disbelieve at the mention of the Most Merciful. (36) Man was created hasty. I will show you My signs, so do not seek to hasten Me. (37)”

Allah, exalted is He, says: “We have not granted everlasting life in this world to any human being before you. So if you were to die, would they live forever?” That is, would they live forever if you were to die? This verse was revealed when they said, “We await for Muhammad the misfortune decreed by fate.” (1)

“Every soul shall taste death. We test you”—that is, We try you—“with evil and with good”: with hardship and ease, health and illness, wealth and poverty. It was also said: with what you love and what you dislike, “as a trial,” that is, as a test, so that We may see how you give thanks for what you love and how you are patient with what you dislike. “And to Us you shall be returned.”

“Whenever the disbelievers see you, they treat you”—that is, they do not treat you—“except with mockery,” [as an object of ridicule]. Al-Suddi said: This was revealed concerning Abu Jahl. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by him, and he laughed and said, “This is the prophet of the clan of Banu Abd Manaf.” (4)

“Is this the one who”—that is, some of them say to others, “Is this the one who”—“speaks against your gods?” That is, he disparages them. It is said, “So-and-so mentions so-and-so,” meaning that he finds fault with him; whereas, “So-and-so mentions Allah” means that he venerates and exalts Him. “Yet they themselves disbelieve at the mention of the Most Merciful.” This was because they used to say, “We know no Most Merciful except Musaylimah.” The second “they” is supplementary.

Allah, exalted is He, says: “Man was created hasty.” They differed concerning this. One group said: It means that his constitution and nature were made with haste and that he has been disposed toward it, as He says: “Man has always been hasty.” 16/b (The Night Journey: 11).

(1) Cited by the author of Zad al-Masir, 5:350. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Omitted from manuscript B. (4) Al-Suyuti attributed it in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:630, to Ibn Abi Hatim.

﴿وَإِذَا رَآكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَتَّخِذُونَكَ إِلَّا هُزُوًا أَهَذَا الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَكُمْ وَهُمْ بِذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ (٣٦) خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ سَأُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِي فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُونِ (٣٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا جَعَلْنَا لِبَشَرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ الْخُلْدَ﴾ دَوَامَ الْبَقَاءِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، ﴿أَفَإِنْ مِتَّ فَهُمُ الْخَالِدُونَ﴾ أَيْ أَفْهُمُ الْخَالِدُونَ إِنْ مِتَّ؟ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ حِينَ قَالُوا نَتَرَبَّصُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ رَيْبَ الْمَنُونِ (١) . ﴿كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ وَنَبْلُوكُمْ﴾ نَخْتَبِرُكُمْ ﴿بِالشَّرِّ وَالْخَيْرِ﴾ بِالشِّدَّةِ وَالرَّخَاءِ، وَالصِّحَّةِ وَالسَّقَمِ، وَالْغِنَى وَالْفَقْرِ، وَقِيلَ: بِمَا تُحِبُّونَ وَمَا تَكْرَهُونَ، ﴿فِتْنَةً﴾ ابْتِلَاءً لِنَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ شُكْرُكُمْ فِيمَا تُحِبُّونَ، وَصَبْرُكُمْ فِيمَا تَكْرَهُونَ، ﴿وَإِلَيْنَا تُرْجَعُونَ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا رَآكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ يَتَّخِذُونَكَ﴾ [مَا يَتَّخِذُونَكَ] (٢) ﴿إِلَّا هُزُوًا﴾ [سُخْرِيًّا] (٣) قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي جَهْلٍ مَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَضَحِكَ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا نَبِيُّ بَنِي عَبْدِ منَافٍ (٤) ﴿أَهَذَا الَّذِي﴾ أَيْ يَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَهَذَا الَّذِي، ﴿يَذْكُرُ آلِهَتَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ يَعِيبُهَا، يُقَالُ: فُلَانٌ يَذْكُرُ فُلَانًا أَيْ يَعِيبُهُ، وَفُلَانٌ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ أَيْ يُعَظِّمُهُ وَيُجِلُّهُ، ﴿وَهُمْ بِذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَا نَعْرِفُ الرَّحْمَنَ إِلَّا مُسَيْلِمَةَ، ﴿وَهُمُ﴾ الثَّانِيَةُ صِلَةٌ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: مَعْنَاهُ أَنْ بِنْيَتَهُ وَخِلْقَتَهُ مِنَ الْعَجَلَةِ وَعَلَيْهَا طُبِعَ، كَمَا قَالَ: ﴿وَكَانَ الإنْسَانُ عَجُولا﴾ ١٦/ب (الإِسْرَاءِ: ١١) .

(١) ذكره صاحب زاد المسير: ٥ / ٣٥٠. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) ساقط من "ب". (٤) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٦٣٠ لابن أبي حاتم.