Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/292)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited, “what you did not see,” with the second-person plural form, while the others recited it with the third-person form.

“So I took a handful from the trace of the messenger”: that is, from the dust of the hoofprint of Gabriel’s horse. “Then I cast it”: that is, I threw it into the calf’s mouth.

Some said: It only lowed because the dust had been taken from beneath the hoof of Gabriel’s horse.

If it is asked: How did he recognize him and see Gabriel among all the other people?

It is said: When his mother gave birth to him in the year in which the boys were being slain, she placed him in a cave out of fear for him. So Allah sent Gabriel to raise him, because of the tribulation He had decreed would occur at his hands. (1)

“And thus my soul prompted me”: that is, it made it seem fair to me. (2)

“He said, ‘Then go your way. Throughout this life, you will have to say, “No contact!” And you have an appointed time which you will not fail to keep. Now look at your god, to which you have remained devoted: we shall surely burn it, then scatter it into the sea.’” (97)

“He said, ‘Then go your way. Throughout this life’”: that is, for as long as you live. “You will have to say, ‘No contact!’”: that is, do not associate with anyone, and let no one associate with you. Moses commanded the Children of Israel not to associate with him or go near him.

Ibn Abbas said: “No contact for you or for your offspring.” The phrase refers to physical contact, meaning: none of us is to touch another. Thus, the Samiri wandered in the wilderness among wild beasts and predators, touching no one and being touched by no one. Allah punished him in this way. Whenever he encountered someone, he would say, “No contact!” meaning, “Do not come near me, and do not touch me.”

It was also said that whenever he touched someone, or someone touched him, they both developed a fever. Even their remaining descendants say this to this day: whenever one outside their people touches one of them, both immediately develop a fever. (3)

“And you, O Samiri, have an appointed time”: for your punishment, “which you will not fail to keep.” Ibn Kathir, Abu Amr, and Ya‘qub recited it with the letter lam vowelled with kasrah, meaning: you will not be absent from it, nor will there be any escape from it; rather, you will meet it on the Day of Resurrection. The others recited it with the letter lam vowelled with fathah, meaning: you will not deny it, and Allah will not fail you. Its meaning is that Allah Most High will requite you for what you have done,

(1) Al-Tabari (16:204-205) reports from Ibn Jurayj: When Pharaoh was killing the parents, the Samiri's mother said, “If only I could keep him away from me, so that I would neither see him nor know whether he had been killed.” She therefore placed him in a cave. Gabriel came and put the palm of his hand in the child's mouth, and the child would suck honey and milk from it. Gabriel continued to visit him until the Samiri came to recognize him. This explains his recognition of him when he said, “fa-qabadtu qabdatan min athar al-rasul” (“I took a handful from the trace of the Messenger”). See also al-Qurtubi, 11:239-240. (2) Omitted from manuscript A. (3) See al-Qurtubi, 11:241; Zad al-Masir, 5:319.

قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: " مَا لَمْ تَبْصُرُوا " بِالتَّاءِ عَلَى الْخِطَابِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ. ﴿فَقَبَضْتُ قَبْضَةً مِنْ أَثَرِ الرَّسُولِ﴾ أَيْ مِنْ تُرَابِ أَثَرِ فَرَسِ جِبْرِيلَ، ﴿فَنَبَذْتُهَا﴾ أَيْ أَلْقَيْتُهَا فِي فَمِ الْعِجْلِ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّمَا خَارَ لِهَذَا لِأَنَّ التُّرَابَ كَانَ مَأْخُوذًا مِنْ تَحْتِ حَافِرِ فَرَسِ جِبْرِيلَ. فَإِنْ قِيلَ: كَيْفَ عَرَفَهُ وَرَأَى جِبْرِيلَ مِنْ بَيْنِ سَائِرِ النَّاسِ؟ . قِيلَ: لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ لَمَّا وَلَدَتْهُ فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي يُقْتَلُ فِيهَا الْبَنُونَ وَضَعَتْهُ فِي الْكَهْفِ حَذَرًا عَلَيْهِ، فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ جِبْرِيلَ لِيُرَبِّيَهُ لِمَا قَضَى عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ (١) . ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ سَوَّلَتْ﴾ أَيْ زَيَّنَتْ (٢) ﴿لِي نَفْسِي﴾ ﴿قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ أَنْ تَقُولَ لَا مِسَاسَ وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوْعِدًا لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى إِلَهِكَ الَّذِي ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عَاكِفًا لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ ثُمَّ لَنَنْسِفَنَّهُ فِي الْيَمِّ نَسْفًا (٩٧) ﴾ ﴿قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ﴾ أَيْ: مَا دُمْتَ حَيًّا، ﴿أَنْ تَقُولَ لَا مِسَاسَ﴾ أَيْ: لَا تُخَالِطْ أَحَدًا، وَلَا يُخَالِطْكَ أَحَدٌ، وَأَمَرَ مُوسَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ لَا يُخَالِطُوهُ، وَلَا يَقْرَبُوهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا مِسَاسَ لَكَ وَلِوَلَدِكَ، وَ"الْمِسَاسُ" مِنَ الْمُمَاسَّةِ، مَعْنَاهُ: لَا يَمَسُّ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا، فَصَارَ السَّامِرِيُّ يَهِيمُ فِي الْبَرِّيَّةِ مَعَ الْوُحُوشِ وَالسِّبَاعِ، لَا يَمَسُّ أَحَدًا وَلَا يَمَسُّهُ أَحَدٌ، عَاقَبَهُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا لَقِيَ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ: "لَا مِسَاسَ"، أَيْ: لَا تَقْرَبْنِي وَلَا تَمَسَّنِي. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدًا أَوْ مَسَّهُ أَحَدٌ حُمَّا جَمِيعًا حَتَّى أَنَّ بَقَايَاهُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَقُولُونَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ حُمَّا جَمِيعًا فِي الْوَقْتِ (٣) . ﴿وَإِنَّ لَكَ﴾ يَا سَامِرِيُّ، ﴿مَوْعِدًا﴾ لِعَذَابِكَ، ﴿لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو وَيَعْقُوبُ: ﴿لَنْ تُخْلَفَهُ﴾ بِكَسْرِ اللَّامِ أَيْ لَنْ تَغِيبَ عَنْهُ، وَلَا مَذْهَبَ لَكَ عَنْهُ، بَلْ تُوَافِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِ اللَّامِ أَيْ لَنْ تُكَذِّبَهُ وَلَنْ يُخْلِفَكَ اللَّهُ، وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُكَافِئُكَ عَلَى فِعْلِكَ

(١) روى الطبري: ١٦ / ٢٠٤ - ٢٠٥ عن ابن جريج قال: لما قتل فرعون الوالدان قالت أم السامري: لو نحيته عني حتى لا أراه، ولا أدري قتله، فجعلته في غار، فأتى جبريل، فجعل كف نفسه في فيه، فجعل يرضعه العسل واللبن، فلم يزل يختلف إليه حتى عرفه، فمن ثم معرفته إياه حين قال: "فقبضت قبضة من أثر الرسول". وانظر القرطبي: ١١ / ٢٣٩ - ٢٤٠. (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) انظر: القرطبي: ١١ / ٢٤١، زاد المسير: ٥ / ٣١٩.