Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/287)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Do not fear,” in the jussive form, as a prohibition; whereas the rest recited it with an alif and in the indicative, as a statement of negation, in view of His saying, exalted is He: “nor will you fear.” It was said: You will not fear that Pharaoh will overtake you from behind, nor will you fear that the sea will drown you before you.

“So Pharaoh pursued them with his forces, and the sea engulfed them as it engulfed them. Pharaoh led his people astray and did not guide them. O Children of Israel, We certainly saved you from your enemy, and We appointed for you a meeting at the right side of the Mount, and We sent down to you manna and quails. Eat from the wholesome things We have provided for you, but do not transgress therein, lest My wrath descend upon you. Whoever incurs My wrath has certainly fallen.” (78–81)

“So Pharaoh pursued them,” meaning, he caught up with them. “Pharaoh with his forces”: it is also said that this means Pharaoh commanded his forces to pursue Moses and his people; the particle bi- is superfluous here, and Pharaoh himself was among them. “Then the sea engulfed them,” meaning, it struck them. “As it engulfed them from the sea,” that is, by drowning. [It is also said: It engulfed them—that is, part of the water of the sea rose over them and covered them, not all of it.] (1)

It is also said: What covered them from the sea covered them and drowned them, while Moses and his people were saved. “Pharaoh led his people astray and did not guide them,” meaning, he did not direct them aright. This refutes Pharaoh’s claim: “I do not guide you except to the way of right conduct” (Ghafir 29).

His saying, exalted is He: “O Children of Israel, We certainly saved you from your enemy”—namely, Pharaoh—“and We appointed for you a meeting at the right side of the Mount, and We sent down to you manna and quails. Eat from the wholesome things We have provided for you.” Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited, “I saved you,” “I appointed for you,” and “I provided for you,” with the singular ta’, while the others recited them with the nun and alif, expressing majesty. They did not differ over “and We sent down,” because it is written with an alif.

“But do not transgress therein.” Ibn Abbas said: “Do not commit injustice.” (2) Al-Kalbi said: “Do not be ungrateful for the blessing, lest you become transgressors.”

It is also said: Do not spend it in disobedience to Me.

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) Al-Tabari mentioned no view other than this one and set aside the remaining views, since the context does not support them.

"لَا تَخَفْ" بِالْجَزْمِ عَلَى النَّهْيِ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالْأَلِفِ وَالرَّفْعِ عَلَى النَّفْيِ، لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَخْشَى﴾ قِيلَ: لَا تَخَافُ أَنْ يُدْرِكَكَ فِرْعَوْنُ مِنْ وَرَائِكَ وَلَا تَخْشَى أَنْ يُغْرِقَكَ الْبَحْرُ أَمَامَكَ. ﴿فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ بِجُنُودِهِ فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ (٧٨) وَأَضَلَّ فِرْعَوْنُ قَوْمَهُ وَمَا هَدَى (٧٩) يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَدْ أَنْجَيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوَاعَدْنَاكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى (٨٠) كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَلَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِي وَمَنْ يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوَى (٨١) ﴾ ﴿فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ﴾ فَلَحِقَهُمْ، ﴿فِرْعَوْنُ بِجُنُودِهِ﴾ وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ أَمَرَ فِرْعَوْنُ جُنُودَهُ أَنْ يَتْبَعُوا مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ، وَالْبَاءُ فِيهِ زَائِدَةٌ وَكَانَ هُوَ فِيهِمْ، ﴿فَغَشِيَهُمْ﴾ أَصَابَهُمْ، ﴿مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ﴾ وَهُوَ الْغَرَقُ. [وَقِيلَ: غَشِيَهُمْ عَلَاهُمْ وَسَتَرَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَاءِ الْيَمِّ لَا كُلُّهُ] (١) . وَقِيلَ: غَشِيَهُمْ مِنَ الْيَمِّ مَا غَشِيَهُمْ قوم موسى فغرقهم هُمْ، وَنَجَا مُوسَى وَقَوْمُهُ. ﴿وَأَضَلَّ فِرْعَوْنُ قَوْمَهُ وَمَا هَدَى﴾ أَيْ: مَا أَرْشَدَهُمْ، وَهَذَا تَكْذِيبٌ لِفِرْعَوْنَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "وَمَا أَهْدِيكُمْ إِلَّا سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ" (غَافِرٍ: ٢٩) . . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَدْ أَنْجَيْنَاكُمْ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ﴾ فِرْعَوْنَ، ﴿وَوَاعَدْنَاكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى﴾ ﴿كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: "أَنْجَيْتُكُمْ"، وَ"وَاعَدْتُكُمْ"، وَ"رَزَقْتُكُمْ" بِالتَّاءِ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالنُّونِ وَالْأَلِفِ عَلَى التَّعْظِيمِ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفُوا فِي ﴿وَنَزَّلْنَا﴾ لِأَنَّهُ مَكْتُوبٌ بِالْأَلِفِ. ﴿وَلَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا تَظْلِمُوا (٢) . قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: لَا تَكْفُرُوا النِّعْمَةَ فَتَكُونُوا طَاغِينَ. وَقِيلَ: لَا تُنْفِقُوا فِي مَعْصِيَتِي.

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) لم يذكر الطبري غير هذا القول، وأعرض من سائر الأقوال التي لا يساعد عليها السياق.