Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/286)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And We certainly revealed to Moses: ‘Set out by night with My servants, and strike for them a dry path through the sea, fearing neither pursuit nor any danger.’ (77)

“Indeed, whoever comes to his Lord as a criminal”—it is said that this begins a new statement from Allah, exalted is He. It is also said that it completes the statement of the sorcerers. “As a criminal,” that is, as a polytheist—meaning, one who dies upon polytheism. “For him is Hell, wherein he will neither die,” and thus find relief, “nor live” a life from which he can benefit.

“And whoever comes to Him”—Abu Amr recited the pronoun suffix with a still vowel, while Abu Ja‘far, Qalun, and Ya‘qub pronounced it with a shortened vowel; the others recited it with full articulation—“as a believer,” having died upon faith, “having done righteous deeds—for them are the highest ranks”: the lofty ranks. Al-‘ula is a plural form, while al-‘ulya is the feminine form of al-a‘la. “Gardens of perpetual residence, beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. That is the recompense of one who has purified himself,” that is, cleansed himself of sins. Al-Kalbi said: “He gave the zakah due upon himself and declared that there is no deity worthy of worship but Allah.”

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Rahman ibn Ubayd al-Simsar informed us; Abu Ahmad Hamzah ibn Muhammad ibn Abbas al-Dihqan informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Utaridi informed us; Abu Mu‘awiyah informed us, from al-A‘mash, from Atiyyah, from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The inhabitants of the highest ranks will be seen by those beneath them as you see a brilliant star on one of the horizons of the sky. Abu Bakr and Umar are among them—and what excellent men they are!” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “And We certainly revealed to Moses: ‘Set out by night with My servants,’” means: Travel with them by night from the land of Egypt. “And strike for them a path through the sea,” meaning: make a path for them through the sea by striking it with the staff. “Dry,” that is, dry ground containing neither water nor mud; for Allah dried the path through the sea for them. “You will not fear being overtaken.” Hamzah recited it

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in al-Huruf, 6:8; al-Tirmidhi in al-Manaqib, “The Virtues of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him,” 10:141-142, who said: “This is a hasan hadith”; Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah, “The Virtues of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him,” no. 96, 1:37; and Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 3:27. Al-Darimi also alluded to it in al-Riqaq, “The Chambers of Paradise,” 2:336. The author also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:99. Its chain includes Atiyyah al-Awfi, though he was corroborated by Abu al-Waddak in Imam Ahmad’s al-Musnad, 3:26.

﴿وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى مُوسَى أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ يَبَسًا لَا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلَا تَخْشَى (٧٧) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّهُ مَنْ يَأْتِ رَبَّهُ مُجْرِمًا﴾ قِيلَ: هَذَا ابْتِدَاءُ كَلَامٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَقِيلَ: مِنْ تَمَامِ قَوْلِ السَّحَرَةِ ﴿مُجْرِمًا﴾ أَيْ: مُشْرِكًا، يَعْنِي: مَاتَ عَلَى الشِّرْكِ، ﴿فَإِنَّ لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا﴾ فَيَسْتَرِيحُ، ﴿وَلَا يَحْيَا﴾ حَيَاةً يَنْتَفِعُ بِهَا. ﴿وَمَنْ يَأْتِهِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو سَاكِنَةَ الْهَاءِ وَيَخْتَلِسُهَا أَبُو +جَعْفَرٍ، وَقَالُونُ وَيَعْقُوبُ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْإِشْبَاعِ، ﴿مُؤْمِنًا﴾ مَاتَ عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ، ﴿قَدْ عَمِلَ الصَّالِحَاتِ فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الدَّرَجَاتُ الْعُلَا﴾ الرَّفِيعَةُ، وَ ﴿الْعُلَا﴾ جَمْعٌ، وَ"الْعُلْيَا" تَأْنِيثُ الْأَعْلَى. ﴿جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ مَنْ تَزَكَّى﴾ أَيْ: تَطَهَّرَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: أَعْطَى زَكَاةَ نَفْسِهِ وَقَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ السِّمْسَارُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الدِّهْقَانُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ العُطَارِدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ أَهْلَ الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى لَيَرَاهُمْ مَنْ تَحْتَهُمْ كَمَا تَرَوْنَ الْكَوْكَبَ الدُّرِّيَّ فِي أُفُقٍ مِنْ آفَاقِ السَّمَاءِ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنْعَمَا" (١) قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى مُوسَى أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي﴾ أَيْ: سِرْ بِهِمْ لَيْلًا مِنْ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ، ﴿فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ﴾ أَيِ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ بِالضَّرْبِ بِالْعَصَا، ﴿يَبَسًا﴾ يَابِسًا لَيْسَ فِيهِ مَاءٌ وَلَا طِينٌ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَيْبَسَ لَهُمُ الطَّرِيقَ فِي الْبَحْرِ، ﴿لَا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الحروف: ٦ / ٨، والترمذي في المناقب، مناقب أبي بكر ﵁: ١٠ / ١٤١، ١٤٢، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن"، ابن ماجه في المقدمة، باب فضائل أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ برقم (٩٦) ١ / ٣٧، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٣ / ٢٧، وأشار إليه الدارمي في الرقاق، باب في غرف الجنة: ٢ / ٣٣٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٩٩، وفيه عطية العوفي، وقد تابعه أبو الوداك عند الإمام أحمد: ٣ / ٢٦.