Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/278)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And He made paths run through it for you.” [The root meaning of salk is to insert one thing into another; the meaning is that He placed paths in the earth for your sake, for you to travel upon.] (1) Ibn ‘Abbas said: “He made paths in it easy for you to travel upon.”

“And He sent down water from the sky,” meaning: rain.

Moses’ words then end, and Allah speaks of Himself, saying: “Then, by it”—that is, by that water—“We brought forth diverse kinds of vegetation”: varieties differing in colour, taste, and benefit—white, red, green, and yellow. Each of these is a distinct kind; some are for people and some for livestock.

“Eat, and pasture your livestock. Surely in this are signs for people of reason. From it We created you, and to it We shall return you, and from it We shall bring you forth once more.” (54–55)

“Eat, and pasture”—that is, graze—“your livestock.” The Arabs say, “I pastured the sheep, and they grazed”; that is, turn your livestock out to graze.

“Surely in that which I have mentioned are signs for people of reason”: those endowed with intellect. Its singular is nuhyah, so called because it restrains its possessor from shameful deeds and acts of disobedience.

Al-Dahhak said: “People of reason” are those who refrain from what has been forbidden to them.

Qatadah said: Those possessing scrupulous piety. “From it”—that is, from the earth—“We created you,” meaning your father Adam.

12/b ‘Ata’ al-Khurasani (3) said: “The angel goes and takes dust from the place in which a person will be buried, then sprinkles it upon the drop of semen; and Allah creates from the dust and from the drop of semen. (4) This is the meaning of His saying, ‘From it We created you, and to it We shall return you’—that is:”

(1) The text within the brackets is omitted in manuscript A. (2) Omitted in manuscript A. (3) Reported by Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn al-Mundhir. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:584. Shaykh al-Shanqiti said in Adwa al-Bayan, 5:524: “This view is contrary to what is established, for the Quran indicates that the stage of the sperm-drop comes after the stage of dust, with an interval between them; thus, it does not coincide with it. This is demonstrated by the use of thumma (‘then’) to indicate sequence between them in His saying: ‘O mankind, if you are in doubt concerning the Resurrection, then indeed We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop.’” (4) Al-Tabari said, 16:175: “From the earth We created you, O people: We brought you into being as speaking bodies; and into the earth We return you after your death, making you dust, just as you were before We brought you into existence as fully formed human beings.”

﴿وَسَلَكَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًا﴾ [السَّلْكُ: إِدْخَالُ الشَّيْءِ فِي الشَّيْءِ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَدْخَلَ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِأَجْلِكُمْ طُرُقًا تَسْلُكُونَهَا] (١) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: سَهَّلَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا طُرُقًا تَسْلُكُونَهَا. ﴿وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَطَرَ. تَمَّ الْإِخْبَارُ عَنْ مُوسَى، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ﴾ بِذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ ﴿أَزْوَاجًا﴾ أَصْنَافًا، ﴿مِنْ نَبَاتٍ شَتَّى﴾ مُخْتَلِفِ الْأَلْوَانِ وَالطُّعُومِ وَالْمَنَافِعِ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَبْيَضَ وَأَحْمَرَ وَأَخْضَرَ وَأَصْفَرَ، فَكُلُّ صِنْفٍ مِنْهَا زَوْجٌ، فَمِنْهَا لِلنَّاسِ وَمِنْهَا لِلدَّوَابِّ. ﴿كُلُوا وَارْعَوْا أَنْعَامَكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي النُّهَى (٥٤) مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى (٥٥) ﴾ ﴿كُلُوا وَارْعَوْا﴾ [أَيْ وَارْتَعُوا] (٢) ﴿أَنْعَامَكُمْ﴾ تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: رَعَيْتُ الْغَنَمَ فَرَعَتْ، أَيْ: أَسِيمُوا أَنْعَامَكُمْ تَرْعَى. ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ، ﴿لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي النُّهَى﴾ لِذَوِي الْعُقُولِ، وَاحِدَتُهَا: "نُهْيَةٌ سُمِّيَتْ نُهْيَةً لِأَنَّهَا تَنْهَى صَاحِبَهَا عَنِ الْقَبَائِحِ وَالْمَعَاصِي. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: ﴿لِأُولِي النُّهَى﴾ الَّذِينَ يَنْتَهُونَ عَمَّا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: لِذَوِي الْوَرَعِ. ﴿مِنْهَا﴾ أَيْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، ﴿خَلَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي أَبَاكُمْ آدم. وقال ١٢/ب عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ (٣) إِنَّ الْمَلَكَ يَنْطَلِقُ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْ تُرَابِ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يُدْفَنُ فِيهِ فَيَذَرُهُ عَلَى النُّطْفَةِ فَيَخْلُقُ اللَّهُ مِنَ التُّرَابِ وَمِنَ النُّطْفَةِ (٤) فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ﴾ أَيْ:

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه عبد بن حميد، وابن المنذر. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٥٨٤. قال الشيخ الشنقيطي في "أضواء البيان": (٥ / ٥٢٤) وهذا القول خلاف التحقيق، لأن القرآن يدل على أن مرحلة النطفة بعد مرحلة التراب بمهلة؛ فهي غير مقارنة لها، بدليل الترتيب بينهما بـ "ثم" في قوله تعالى: "يا أيها الناس إن كنتم في ريب من البعث فإنا خلقناكم من تراب ثم من نطفة". (٤) قال الطبري: (١٦ / ١٧٥) : من الأرض خلقناكم أيها الناس، فأنشأناكم أجساما ناطقة، وفي الأرض نعيدكم بعد مماتكم فنصيركم ترابا، كما كنتم قبل إنشائنا لكم، بشرا سويا.