Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/276)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“They said, ‘Our Lord, we fear that he may hasten to harm us or become even more oppressive.’” (45)

“They” refers to Moses and Aaron: “Our Lord, we fear that he may hasten to harm us.” Ibn Abbas said: He may hasten to kill or punish us. One says that someone has acted precipitately against another when he hastens to do him something harmful; and it is said that a matter came suddenly when it occurred and preceded all else. “Or become even more oppressive”: that is, exceed all bounds in mistreating us.

“He said, ‘Do not be afraid. I am with you both, hearing and seeing. Go to him and say, “We are two messengers from your Lord. Let the Children of Israel go with us, and do not torment them. We have come to you with a sign from your Lord. Peace be upon whoever follows guidance. It has been revealed to us that punishment will fall upon whoever denies and turns away.”’ He said, ‘So who is your Lord, Moses?’ He said, ‘Our Lord is He who gave everything its form, then guided it.’” (46–50)

“He said, ‘Do not be afraid. I am with you both, hearing and seeing.’” Ibn Abbas said: I hear your supplication and answer it; I see what is intended against you and prevent it. I am not unaware of you, so do not be concerned.

“Go to him and say, ‘We are two messengers from your Lord’”: He has sent us to you. “Let the Children of Israel go with us”: that is, leave them alone and release them from your labours. “And do not torment them”: do not wear them out with work. Pharaoh used to employ them in arduous labour.

“We have come to you with a sign from your Lord.” Pharaoh said, “And what is it?” So he brought forth his hand, which shone with rays like those of the sun.

“Peace be upon whoever follows guidance”: this is not intended as a greeting; rather, it means that whoever submits to Allah is safe from Allah’s punishment.

“It has been revealed to us that punishment will fall upon whoever denies and turns away”: Allah only punishes the one who denies what we have brought and turns away from it.

“He said, ‘So who is your Lord, Moses?’”: Who is your God who sent you both?

“He said, ‘Our Lord is He who gave everything its form, then guided it.’” Al-Hasan and Qatadah said: He gave everything what makes it sound and fitting, then guided it to that which benefits it.

Mujahid said: He gave everything its particular form; He did not make the creation of human beings like that of beasts, nor the creation of beasts like that of human beings. Then He guided each to its benefits in food, drink, and marital relations.

Al-Dahhak said: “He gave everything its form”: that is, He gave the hand for grasping, the foot for walking, the tongue for speech, the eye for sight, and the ear for hearing.

﴿قَالَا رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَنْ يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا أَوْ أَنْ يَطْغَى (٤٥) ﴾ ﴿قَالَا﴾ يَعْنِي مُوسَى وَهَارُونَ: ﴿رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا نَخَافُ أَنْ يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَعْجَلُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْقَتْلِ وَالْعُقُوبَةِ، يُقَالُ: فَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ فُلَانٌ إِذَا عَجِلَ بِمَكْرُوهٍ، وَفَرَطَ مِنْهُ أَمْرٌ أَيْ بَدَرَ وَسَبَقَ، ﴿أَوْ أَنْ يَطْغَى﴾ أَيْ يُجَاوِزُ الْحَدَّ فِي الْإِسَاءَةِ إِلَيْنَا. ﴿قَالَ لَا تَخَافَا إِنَّنِي مَعَكُمَا أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى (٤٦) فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولَا إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَا تُعَذِّبْهُمْ قَدْ جِئْنَاكَ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى (٤٧) إِنَّا قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْنَا أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ عَلَى مَنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى (٤٨) قَالَ فَمَنْ رَبُّكُمَا يَا مُوسَى (٤٩) قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى (٥٠) ﴾ ﴿قَالَ لَا تَخَافَا إِنَّنِي مَعَكُمَا أَسْمَعُ وَأَرَى﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَسْمَعُ دُعَاءَكُمَا فَأُجِيبُهُ، وَأَرَى مَا يُرَادُ بِكُمَا فَأَمْنَعُهُ، لَسْتُ بِغَافِلٍ عَنْكُمَا، فَلَا تَهْتَمَّا. ﴿فَأْتِيَاهُ فَقُولَا إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ﴾ أَرْسَلَنَا إِلَيْكَ، ﴿فَأَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ﴾ أَيْ: خَلِّ عَنْهُمْ وَأَطْلِقْهُمْ مِنْ أَعْمَالِكَ، ﴿وَلَا تُعَذِّبْهُمْ﴾ لَا تُتْعِبْهُمْ فِي الْعَمَلِ. وَكَانَ فِرْعَوْنُ يَسْتَعْمِلُهُمْ فِي الْأَعْمَالِ الشَّاقَّةِ، ﴿قَدْ جِئْنَاكَ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكَ﴾ قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ، لَهَا شُعَاعٌ كَشُعَاعِ الشَّمْسِ، ﴿وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى﴾ لَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ التَّحِيَّةَ، إِنَّمَا مَعْنَاهُ سَلِمَ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ. ﴿إِنَّا قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيْنَا أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ عَلَى مَنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى﴾ إِنَّمَا يُعَذِّبُ اللَّهُ مَنْ كَذَّبَ بِمَا جِئْنَا بِهِ وَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ. ﴿قَالَ فَمَنْ رَبُّكُمَا يَا مُوسَى﴾ مَنْ إِلَهُكُمَا الَّذِي أَرْسَلَكُمَا؟ . ﴿قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ صَلَاحَهُ، وَهُدَاهُ لِمَا يُصْلِحُهُ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ صُورَتَهُ، لَمْ يَجْعَلْ خَلْقَ الْإِنْسَانِ كَخَلْقِ الْبَهَائِمِ، وَلَا خَلْقَ الْبَهَائِمِ كَخَلْقِ الْإِنْسَانِ، ثُمَّ هَدَاهُ إِلَى مَنَافِعِهِ مِنَ الْمَطْعَمِ وَالْمَشْرَبِ وَالْمَنْكَحِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: "أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ: يَعْنِي الْيَدَ لِلْبَطْشِ، وَالرِّجْلَ لِلْمَشْيِ، وَاللِّسَانَ لِلنُّطْقِ، وَالْعَيْنَ لِلنَّظَرِ، وَالْأُذُنَ لِلسَّمْعِ.