Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Malik said: “I believe he said the same regarding hatred.” (1)

Hiram ibn Hayyan said: “Whenever a servant turns his heart toward Allah, Allah turns the hearts of the people of faith toward him, until He grants him their affection.” (2)

“So We have made it easy in your tongue only that you may give glad tidings thereby to the righteous and warn thereby a fiercely contentious people. And how many generations before them have We destroyed! Do you perceive any one of them, or hear from them even a faint sound?” (97–98)

The saying of Allah, “So We have made it easy in your tongue,” means: We have made the Quran easy in your language, O Muhammad, “that you may give glad tidings thereby to the righteous,” meaning the believers, “and warn thereby a fiercely contentious people,” that is, those vehement in disputation; it is the plural of al-aladd, one who is fiercely contentious.

Al-Hasan said: “Deaf to the truth.” (3)

Mujahid said: ⦗10/b⦘ “Al-aladd is the wrongdoer who does not remain upright.” (4)

Abu Ubaydah said: “Al-aladd is one who does not accept the truth and asserts falsehood.” “And how many generations before them have We destroyed! Do you perceive”—that is, do you see; and it was also said: do you find—“any one of them, or hear from them even a faint sound,” meaning, a sound. Rikz is a faint sound. (5) Al-Hasan said: “They all perished; not a soul or trace of them remained.” (6)

(1) Reported by Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of Poetry, chapter: Those Who Love One Another for Allah's Sake, 2:953; by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: al-Miqa (Love) from Allah, 10:461; by Muslim in al-Birr wa al-Silah wa al-Adab, chapter: When Allah Loves a Servant, He Causes His Servants to Love Him, no. 4237, 4:2030; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:55. See also Fath al-Bari, 10:462-463. (2) See Tafsir al-Tabari, 16:133. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 16:134. (4) Al-Tabari, 16:133-134. (5) As the poet Labid ibn Rabi'ah al-Amiri said: “At the mention of a companion, she grew apprehensive; / it alarmed her from an unseen quarter, though her companion was her sickness.” See Tafsir al-Tabari, 16:135. (6) Reported in similar wording by Abd ibn Humayd. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:547.
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: لَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ فِي الْبُغْضِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ (١) . قَالَ هَرِمُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: مَا أَقْبَلَ عَبْدٌ بِقَلْبِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ إِلَّا أَقْبَلَ اللَّهُ بِقُلُوبِ أَهْلِ الْإِيمَانِ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَرْزُقَهُ مَوَدَّتَهُمْ (٢) . ﴿فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَاهُ بِلِسَانِكَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْمًا لُدًّا (٩٧) وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ هَلْ تُحِسُّ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَوْ تَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا (٩٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنَّمَا يَسَّرْنَاهُ بِلِسَانِكَ﴾ أَيْ سَهَّلْنَا الْقُرْآنَ بِلِسَانِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ﴿لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿وَتُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْمًا لُدًّا﴾ شِدَادًا فِي الْخُصُومَةِ جَمْعُ "الْأَلَدِّ". وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: صُمًّا عَنِ الْحَقِّ (٣) . قال مجاهد: ١٠/ب "الْأَلَدُّ": الظَّالِمُ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ (٤) . قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: "الْأَلَدُّ" الَّذِي لَا يَقْبَلُ الْحَقَّ وَيَدَّعِي الْبَاطِلَ. ﴿وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ هَلْ تُحِسُّ﴾ هَلْ تَرَى وَقِيلَ هَلْ تَجِدُ ﴿مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَوْ تَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا﴾ أَيْ صَوْتًا "وَالرِّكْزُ": الصَّوْتُ الْخَفِيُّ (٥) قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: بَادُوا جَمِيعًا فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ عَيْنٌ وَلَا أَثَرٌ (٦) .
(١) أخرجه مالك في الموطأ كتاب الشعر باب المتحابين في الله: ٢ / ٩٥٣ والبخاري في الأدب باب الْمِقَةِ (المحبة) من الله: ١٠ / ٤٦١ ومسلم في البر والصلة والأدب باب إذا أحب الله عبدا حببه إلى عباده برقم (٤٢٣٧) : (٤ / ٢٠٣٠) والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٥٥. وانظر فتح الباري: ١٠ / ٤٦٢-٤٦٣. (٢) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٦ / ١٣٣. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ١٦ / ١٣٤. (٤) الطبري: ١٦ / ١٣٣-١٣٤. (٥) كما قال الشاعر لبيد بن ربيعة العامري: فتوجست ذكر الأنيس فراعها ... عن ظهر غيب والأنيس سقامها انظر: تفسير الطبري: ١٦ / ١٣٥. (٦) أخرجه عبد بن حميد بنحوه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٥٤٧.

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