Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/249)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Khalid ibn Maʿdan said: The people of Paradise will say, “Did our Lord not promise us that we would come to the Fire?” It will be said to them, “Indeed, but you passed by it while it was extinguished.” (1)

It is related in a hadith that the Fire will say to the believer, “Pass on, O believer, for your light has extinguished my flame.” (2)

It was related from Mujahid concerning His saying, “There is none of you but will come to it,” that he said: Whoever among the Muslims suffers from fever has come to it. (3)

It is related: “Fever is a forge from Hell, and it is the believer’s share of the Fire.” (4)

ʿAbd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna informed us; Yahya informed us from Hisham; my father informed me from ʿAʾishah, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “Fever is from the fierce heat of Hell, so cool it with water.” (5)

“It is a decree binding upon your Lord”—that is, your coming to Hell is an inevitable and binding decree, decreed for you by Allah. “Then We will save those who feared Allah,” meaning, those who feared associating partners with Him. Al-Kisaʾi recited “We save” with a lightened pronunciation, while the others recited it with a doubled consonant: “And We will leave the wrongdoers therein, on their knees,” all together. It was also said that this means kneeling upon their knees. This indicates that they all entered it; then Allah brought the God-fearing out of it and left the wrongdoers therein—namely, the polytheists.

ʿAbd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Abu al-Yaman informed us; Shuʿayb informed us from al-Zuhri; Saʿid ibn al-Musayyib and ʿAta ibn Yazid al-Laythi informed me

(1) Narrated by Ibn Ishaq, Abu Ubayd in al-Gharib, and Ibn al-Mubarak in al-Zuhd, from Khalid ibn Madan. See al-Kafi al-Shafi, p. 107. (2) Narrated by Abu Nuaym in Hilyat al-Awliya, 9:329; al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad, 5:194 and 9:233; al-Tabarani in al-Kabir; Ibn Adi in al-Kamil; and al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul. Its chain includes Sulaym ibn Mansur ibn Ammar, who is weak. See Majma al-Zawaid, 10:360; Kashf al-Khafa, 1:373-374. (3) Recorded by al-Tabari, 16:111. (4) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, 5:252, and al-Tahawi in Mushkil al-Athar, 3:68. It was authenticated by al-Albani in Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, 4:437-438. See also al-Kafi al-Shafi, p. 107. (5) Recorded by al-Bukhari in The Book of Medicine, in the chapter “Fever Is from the Intense Heat of Hell,” 10:174; by Muslim in The Book of Greetings, in the chapter “Every Disease Has a Remedy,” no. 2210, 4:1732; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:153.

وَقَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ: يَقُولُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ أَلَمْ يَعِدْنَا رَبُّنَا أَنْ نَرِدَ النَّارَ؟ فَيُقَالُ بَلَى وَلَكِنَّكُمْ مَرَرْتُمْ بِهَا وَهِيَ خَامِدَةٌ (١) . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: تَقُولُ النَّارُ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ: "جُزْ يَا مُؤْمِنُ فَقَدْ أَطْفَأَ نُورُكَ لَهَبِي" (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا﴾ قَالَ: مَنْ حُمَّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَدْ وَرَدَهَا (٣) . وَفِي الْخَبَرِ: "الْحُمَّى كِيرٌ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ وَهِيَ حَظُّ الْمُؤْمِنِ مِنَ النَّارِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى عَنْ هِشَامٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "الْحُمَّى مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ فَأَبْرِدُوهَا بِالْمَاءِ" (٥) . ﴿كَانَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَقْضِيًّا﴾ أَيْ: كَانَ وُرُودُكُمْ جَهَنَّمَ حَتْمًا لَازِمًا ﴿مَقْضِيًّا﴾ قَضَاهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ. ﴿ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا﴾ أَيِ اتَّقَوُا الشِّرْكَ وَقَرَأَ الْكِسَائِيُّ " نُنْجِي " بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ ﴿وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا﴾ جَمِيعًا. وَقِيلَ: جَاثِينَ عَلَى الرُّكَبِ وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْكُلَّ دَخَلُوهَا ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا الْمُتَّقِينَ وَتَرَكَ فِيهَا الظَّالِمِينَ وَهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ وَعَطَاءُ بْنُ يَزِيدِ اللَّيْثِيُّ

(١) رواه ابن إسحاق وأبو عبيد في "الغريب" وابن المبارك في الزهد عن خالد بن معدان. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٠٧) . (٢) رواه أبو نعيم في الحلبة: ٩ / ٣٢٩، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد: ٥ / ١٩٤، ٩ / ٢٣٣، والطبراني في الكبير وابن عدي في الكامل والحكيم الترمذي في نوادر الأصول. وفي سنده: سليم بن منصور بن عمار وهو ضعيف. انظر: مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ٣٦٠، كشف الخفاء: ١ / ٣٧٣-٣٧٤. (٣) رواه الطبري: ١٦ / ١١١. (٤) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٢٥٢، والطحاوي في مشكل الآثار: ٣ / ٦٨، وصححه الألباني في "سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة": ٤ / ٤٣٧-٤٣٨. وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٠٧) . (٥) أخرجه البخاري في الطب باب الحمى من فيح جهنم: ١٠ / ١٧٤، ومسلم في السلام باب لكل داء دواء برقم (٢٢١٠) : ٤ / ١٧٣٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ١٥٣.