Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/243)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

This means that the people of Paradise will hear nothing that would lead them into sin; rather, they will hear only that which brings them safety.

It was also said that it refers to their exchanging greetings of peace with one another, and to the angels’ greeting them with peace.

It was also said that it is Allah’s greeting of peace to them.

“And they will have their provision therein morning and evening.” The exegetes said: There is no night in Paradise by which morning and evening may be known; rather, they will remain forever in light. However, their provisions will be brought to them at intervals corresponding to the two ends of the day.

It was also said that they will know the time of day by the lifting of the veils, and the time of night by the lowering of the veils.

It was also said that what is meant is the ease of life and the abundance of provision, without any restriction.

Al-Hasan al-Basri used to say: “The Arabs knew of no manner of living better than receiving provision morning and evening, so Allah described His Paradise in these terms.” (1) (2)

“That is Paradise, which We shall give as an inheritance to those of Our servants who are God-fearing. And we do not descend except by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs all that is before us, all that is behind us, and all that lies between; and your Lord is never forgetful.” (63–64)

“That is Paradise, which We shall give as an inheritance to those of Our servants”: that is, We grant and bestow it. It was also said that He will cause His believing servants to inherit the dwellings that would have belonged to the people of the Fire had they believed. “Those who are God-fearing”: that is, the God-fearing among His servants.

Allah says: “And we do not descend except by the command of your Lord.” Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Khallad ibn Yahya informed us; Umar ibn Dharr informed us, saying: I heard my father narrate from Saʿid ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Gabriel, what prevents you from visiting us?” Then the verse was revealed: “And we do not descend except by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs all that is before us and all that is behind us,” to the end of the verse. He said: “This was the answer given to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.” (3)

Ikrimah, al-Dahhak, Qatadah, Muqatil, and al-Kalbi said: Gabriel was withheld from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when his people asked him about the Companions of the Cave, Dhul-Qarnayn, and the Spirit. He said, “I will inform you tomorrow,” but did not say, “If Allah wills.” This caused the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, distress. Then Gabriel descended after several days, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him: “You delayed in coming to me until I began to fear the worst, and I longed for you.” Gabriel replied: “I longed even more, but I am a servant under command: when I am sent, I descend; and when I am held back…”

(1) Omitted from manuscript B. (2) For these views and a number of related reports, see al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:528-529; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:120-121. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in his Tafsir of Surat Maryam, under the chapter “We do not descend except by the command of your Lord,” 8:428-429; and in Kitab al-Tawhid, under the chapter “Our word has already preceded for Our sent servants,” 13:440; also by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:325.

مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ مَا يُؤَثِّمُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَسْمَعُونَ مَا يُسَلِّمُهُمْ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ تَسْلِيمُ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَتَسْلِيمُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ تَسْلِيمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ. ﴿وَلَهُمْ رِزْقُهُمْ فِيهَا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا﴾ قَالَ أَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ: لَيْسَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ لَيْلٌ يُعْرَفُ بِهِ الْبُكْرَةُ وَالْعَشِيُّ بَلْ هُمْ فِي نُورٍ أَبَدًا وَلَكِنَّهُمْ يَأْتُونَ بِأَرْزَاقِهِمْ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَ وَقْتَ النَّهَارِ بِرَفْعِ الْحُجُبِ وَوَقْتَ اللَّيْلِ بِإِرْخَاءِ الْحُجُبِ. وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ رَفَاهِيَةُ الْعَيْشِ وَسَعَةُ الرِّزْقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَضْيِيقٍ. وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ يَقُولُ: كَانَتِ (١) الْعَرَبُ لَا تَعْرِفُ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ بِالْبُكْرَةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ فَوَصَفَ اللَّهُ ﷿ جَنَّتَهَ بِذَلِكَ (٢) . ﴿تِلْكَ الْجَنَّةُ الَّتِي نُورِثُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا مَنْ كَانَ تَقِيًّا (٦٣) وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا (٦٤) ﴾ ﴿تِلْكَ الْجَنَّةُ الَّتِي نُورِثُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا﴾ أَيْ: نُعْطِي ونُنْزِلُ. وَقِيلَ: يُورِثُ عِبَادَهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمَسَاكِنَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لِأَهْلِ النَّارِ لَوْ آمَنُوا ﴿مَنْ كَانَ تَقِيًّا﴾ أَيِ: الْمُتَّقِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ ذَرٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَزُورَنَا" فَنَزَلَتْ: ﴿وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا﴾ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ: كَانَ هَذَا الْجَوَابُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ" (٣) . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ وَقَتَادَةُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ: احْتَبَسَ جِبْرِيلُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ سَأَلَهُ قَوْمُهُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْكَهْفِ وَذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ وَالرُّوحِ فَقَالَ: أُخْبِرُكُمْ غَدًا وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ حَتَّى شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَبْطَأْتَ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى سَاءَ ظَنِّي وَاشْتَقْتُ إِلَيْكَ" فَقَالَ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَشْوَقَ وَلَكِنِّي عَبْدٌ مَأْمُورٌ إِذَا بُعِثْتُ نَزَلْتُ وَإِذَا حُبِسْتُ

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) انظر هذه الأقوال وجملة آثار في ذلك في: "الدر المنثور": ٥ / ٥٢٨-٥٢٩، "تفسير ابن كثير": ٣ / ١٢٠-١٢١. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة مريم باب "وما نتنزل إلا بأمر ربك" ٨ / ٤٢٨-٤٢٩، وفي التوحيد، باب "ولقد سبقت كلمتنا لعبادنا المرسلين": ١٣ / ٤٤٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٢٥.