Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/237)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was also said that He raised him above the veils until he heard the creaking of the Pen. (1)

“And We granted him, out of Our mercy, his brother Aaron as a prophet. (53) And mention in the Book Ishmael. Indeed, he was true to his promise, and he was a messenger and a prophet. (54) He used to command his people to pray and give zakah, and he was pleasing to his Lord. (55) And mention in the Book Idris. Indeed, he was a man of utmost truthfulness, a prophet. (56)”

“And We granted him, out of Our mercy, his brother Aaron as a prophet”: this was when Moses prayed, saying: “And appoint for me a minister from my family—Aaron, my brother” (Ta-Ha: 29–30). Allah answered his supplication and sent Aaron; for this reason, He called him a gift granted to Moses. (2)

His saying, exalted is He, “And mention in the Book Ishmael”: he was Ishmael, son of Abraham, the forefather of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. “Indeed, he was true to his promise”: Mujahid said, “He never made a promise without fulfilling it.”

Muqatil said: He promised a man that he would remain in his place until the man returned to him. Ishmael remained there for the appointed meeting for three days, until the man came back to him.

Al-Kalbi said: He waited for him until an entire year had passed. (3)

“And he was a messenger” to Jurhum, “and a prophet,” conveying news from Allah, exalted is He. “He used to command his people”—that is, his nation; and it was also said: his family and his entire community—“to pray and give zakah.” Ibn Abbas said: This refers to that which Allah, exalted is He, had made obligatory for them: the upright Abrahamic way that was made obligatory for us. “And he was pleasing to his Lord”: he was steadfast in obeying Him. It was said: Allah, exalted is He, was pleased with him because of his prophethood and messengership.

His saying, exalted is He, “And mention in the Book Idris”: he was the grandfather of Noah’s father, and his name was Enoch. He was called Idris because of his extensive study of the scriptures. He was a tailor, the first to write with the pen, the first to sew garments and wear sewn clothing—for before him, people wore skins—the first to take up arms and fight the disbelievers, and the first to study the science of

(1) See Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 16:94-95; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:125-126. (2) Al-Tabari said (16:95): “That is, We bestowed upon Moses, as a mercy from Us, his brother Aaron as a prophet”; that is, We strengthened him through Aaron’s prophethood and aided him thereby. Ibn Abbas said: “Aaron was older than Moses, but the meaning is that He granted him prophethood.” (3) See al-Tabari, 16:96; Ibn Kathir, 3:1126, where several reports are cited. Ibn Jurayj said: “He never made a promise to his Lord without fulfilling it,” meaning that he never committed himself to an act of worship by a vow without carrying it out and fulfilling it properly.

وَقِيلَ: رَفَعَهُ عَلَى الْحَجْبِ حَتَّى سَمِعَ صَرِيرَ الْقَلَمِ (١) . ﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا (٥٣) وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا (٥٤) وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيًّا (٥٥) وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِدْرِيسَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَبِيًّا (٥٦) ﴾ ﴿وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا﴾ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ دَعَا مُوسَى فَقَالَ: "وَاجْعَلْ لِي وَزِيرًا مِنْ أَهْلِي هَارُونَ أَخِي" (طَهَ:٢٩-٣٠) فَأَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهُ وَأَرْسَلَ هَارُونَ، وَلِذَلِكَ سَمَّاهُ هِبَةً لَهُ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ﴾ وَهُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ جَدُّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ﴿إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَمْ يَعِدْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا وَفَّى بِهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: وَعَدَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُقِيمَ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ، فَأَقَامَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ مَكَانَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لِلْمِيعَادِ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: انْتَظَرَهُ حَتَّى حَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ (٣) . ﴿وَكَانَ رَسُولًا﴾ إِلَى جُرْهُمَ ﴿نَبِيًّا﴾ مُخْبِرًا عَنِ اللَّهِ ﷿. ﴿وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ﴾ أَيْ: قَوْمَهُ وَقِيلَ: أَهْلَهُ وَجَمِيعَ أُمَّتِهِ ﴿بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ الَّتِي افْتَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ، وَهِيَ الْحَنِيفِيَّةُ الَّتِي افْتُرِضَتْ عَلَيْنَا، ﴿وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيًّا﴾ قَائِمًا بِطَاعَتِهِ. قِيلَ: رَضِيَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِنُبُّوتِهِ وَرِسَالَتِهِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِدْرِيسَ﴾ وَهُوَ جَدُّ أَبِي نُوحٍ وَاسْمُهُ "أَخْنُوخُ" سُمِّيَ إِدْرِيسَ لِكَثْرَةِ دَرْسِهِ الْكُتُبَ. وَكَانَ خَيَّاطًا وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَطَّ بِالْقَلَمِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ خَاطَ الثِّيَابَ، وَلَبِسَ الْمَخِيطَ، وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ يَلْبَسُونَ الْجُلُودَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ السِّلَاحَ، وَقَاتَلَ الْكُفَّارَ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ نَظَرَ فِي عِلْمِ

(١) انظر: "تفسير القرطبي": ١٦ / ٩٤-٩٥، "تفسير ابن كثير" ٣ / ١٢٥-١٢٦. (٢) قال الطبري: (١٦ / ٩٥) يقول: ووهبنا لموسى رحمة منا أخاه هارون "نبيا" يقول: أيدناه بنبوته وأعناه بها. وعن ابن عباس قال: كان هارون أكبر من موسى، ولكن أراد: وهب له نبوته. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ١٦ / ٩٦، ابن كثير: ٣ / ١١٢٦؛ ففيهما جملة آثار. وقال ابن جريج: لم يعد ربه عدة إلا أنجزها. يعني ما التزم عباده بنذر قط إلا قام بها ووفاها حقها.