Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/234)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and who carried out the commands, acting upon them; such a person is the consummately truthful. A prophet is one elevated in rank by Allah Most High through His sending him.

“When Abraham said to his father, ‘My dear father, why do you worship what can neither hear nor see, nor benefit you in any way? My dear father, knowledge has come to me that has not come to you. Follow me, then, and I will guide you to an even path. My dear father, do not worship Satan, for Satan has always been disobedient to the Most Merciful. My dear father, I fear that a punishment from the Most Merciful may touch you, and that you will become Satan’s companion.’ He said, ‘Do you reject my gods, Abraham? If you do not desist, I shall certainly stone you. Leave me for a long while.’” (42–46)

“When Abraham said to his father,” Azar, who worshipped idols, “My dear father, why do you worship what can neither hear” a sound, “nor see” anything, “nor benefit you in any way,” meaning, nor suffice you in any way? “My dear father, knowledge has come to me”—knowledge of Allah and true knowledge—“that has not come to you. Follow me,” in my religion, “and I will guide you to an even path,” that is, a straight path.

“My dear father, do not worship Satan”: do not obey him in the disbelief and idolatry that he makes appealing to you. “For Satan has always been disobedient to the Most Merciful,” meaning disobedient. The word “has always been” here expresses his present state; that is, he is indeed such. “My dear father, I fear,” meaning, I know, “that a punishment from the Most Merciful may touch you,” if you persist in disbelief, “and that you will become Satan’s companion,” joined with him in the Fire.

His father replied, “Do you reject my gods, Abraham? If you do not desist”—if you do not fall silent and refrain from finding fault with and reviling our gods—“I shall certainly stone you.” Al-Kalbi, Muqatil, and al-Dahhak said: “I shall certainly insult you and drive you away from me with vile speech.” (2)

Ibn Abbas said: “I shall certainly strike you.” Ikrimah said: “I shall certainly kill you with stones.”

“And leave me for a long while.” Al-Kalbi said: “Keep away from me for a long time.” Mujahid and Ikrimah said: “For a while.” Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: “For an age.” The original meaning of “a while” is duration, as in the expression, “I remained for a while.” The term malawan refers to night and day.

(1) Omitted from manuscript A. (2) This is the view favored by al-Tabari, and he mentioned no other view. 16:90-91.

وَقَامَ (١) بِالْأَوَامِرِ فَعَمِلَ بِهَا، فَهُوَ الصِّدِّيقُ. و"النَّبِيُّ": الْعَالِي فِي الرُّتْبَةِ بِإِرْسَالِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِيَّاهُ. ﴿إِذْ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنْكَ شَيْئًا (٤٢) يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا (٤٣) يَا أَبَتِ لَا تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَانَ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ عَصِيًّا (٤٤) يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَمَسَّكَ عَذَابٌ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيًّا (٤٥) قَالَ أَرَاغِبٌ أَنْتَ عَنْ آلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا (٤٦) ﴾ ﴿إِذْ قَالَ﴾ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﴿لِأَبِيهِ﴾ آزَرَ وَهُوَ يَعْبُدُ الْأَصْنَامَ ﴿يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ﴾ صَوْتًا ﴿وَلَا يُبْصِرُ﴾ شَيْئًا ﴿وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنْكَ﴾ أَيْ لَا يَكْفِيكَ ﴿شَيْئًا﴾ ﴿يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ﴾ بِاللَّهِ وَالْمَعْرِفَةِ ﴿مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي﴾ عَلَى دِينِي ﴿أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا﴾ مُسْتَقِيمًا. ﴿يَا أَبَتِ لَا تَعْبُدِ الشَّيْطَانَ﴾ لَا تُطِعْهُ فِيمَا يُزَيِّنُ لَكَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَالشِّرْكِ ﴿إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمَنِ عَصِيًّا﴾ عَاصِيًا "كَانَ" بِمَعْنَى الْحَالِ أَيْ: هُوَ كَذَلِكَ. ﴿يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ﴾ أَيْ أَعْلَمُ ﴿أَنْ يَمَسَّكَ﴾ يُصِيبَكَ ﴿عَذَابٌ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ﴾ أَيْ: إِنْ أَقَمْتَ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ ﴿فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيًّا﴾ قَرِينًا فِي النَّارِ. ﴿قَالَ﴾ أَبُوهُ مُجِيبًا لَهُ: ﴿أَرَاغِبٌ أَنْتَ عَنْ آلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ﴾ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَسْكُتْ وَتَرْجِعْ عَنْ عَيْبِكَ آلِهَتَنَا وَشَتْمِكَ إِيَّاهَا، ﴿لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: لَأَشْتُمَنَّكَ وَلَأُبْعِدَنَّكَ عَنِّي بِالْقَوْلِ الْقَبِيحِ (٢) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لَأَضْرِبَنَّكَ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ بِالْحِجَارَةِ. ﴿وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: اجْنُبْنِي طَوِيلًا. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ: حِينًا. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: دَهْرًا وَأَصْلُ "الْحِينِ": الْمُكْثُ، وَمِنْهُ يُقَالُ: فَمَكَثْتُ حِينًا "وَالْمَلَوَانِ": اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ.

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) وهو ما مال إليه الطبري، ولم يذكر غيره. ١٦ / ٩٠-٩١.