Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/176)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the One who repeatedly turns toward the hearts of My servants when they turn away from Me and return to Me; “the Most Merciful”—to them after they turn to Me.

“Indeed, those who disbelieve and die as disbelievers—upon them is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people together. (161) They shall abide therein forever; the punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be granted respite. (162) Your God is One God: there is no god but Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. (163)”

“Indeed, those who disbelieve and die as disbelievers—upon them is the curse of Allah and the angels”—that is, the curse of the angels—⦗22b⦘ “and all people together.” Abu al-Aliyah said: This will be on the Day of Resurrection: the disbeliever will be made to stand, then Allah will curse him; then the angels will curse him; then the people will curse him. If it is asked: Allah has said, “and all people together,” while the one cursed is himself among the people; so how can he curse himself? It is said: He will curse himself on the Day of Resurrection. Allah Most High says: “And you will curse one another” (al-Ankabut 29:25). It was also said: They curse the wrongdoers and the disbelievers; whoever curses the wrongdoers and disbelievers while being one of them has indeed cursed himself.

“Abiding therein forever”: remaining in the curse. It was also said: in the Fire. “The punishment will not be lightened for them, nor will they be granted respite”: they will not be given time or granted a delay. Abu al-Aliyah said: They will not be granted respite so as to offer excuses, as in His words: “Nor will they be permitted to offer excuses” (al-Mursalat 77:36).

Concerning His saying, “Your God is One God: there is no god but Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful”: the occasion of revelation of this verse was that the disbelievers of Quraysh said, “O Muhammad, describe your Lord to us and tell us His lineage.” So Allah Most High sent down this verse and Surat al-Ikhlas. (1) The One is He who has no equal and no partner.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Sam'ani informed us; Abu Ja'far al-Rayyanī informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Bakr ibn Ibrahim and Abu Asim informed us, from Abdullah ibn Abi Ziyad, from Shahr ibn Hawshab, from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Indeed, Allah’s Greatest Name is found in these two verses: ‘Your God is One God: there is no god but Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful’; and ‘Allah—there is no god but Him, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all.’” (2)

(1) See al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 548-49, and the references cited in its critical edition. (2) Recorded by Abu Dawud, Book of Prayer, chapter on supplication, 2:45; al-Tirmidhi, Book of Supplications, chapter: “What Has Been Narrated Regarding the Comprehensive Supplications of the Messenger of Allah,” 9:447. He classified it as hasan sahih (sound and authentic). Also recorded by Ibn Majah, Book of Supplication, chapter on the Greatest Name of Allah, no. 3855, 2:1267; al-Darimi, Book of the Virtues of the Quran, chapter on the virtue of the opening verses of Surat al-Baqarah and Ayat al-Kursi, 2:450; Ahmad, 6:461, from Asma bint Yazid; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:39, who described it as a gharib (unfamiliar) hadith. All transmit it through Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Ziyad, from Shahr ibn Hawshab. Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Ziyad is not strong; Abu Dawud said: “His hadiths are munkar (rejected).” See Mizan al-Itidal, 3:8; Taqrib al-Tahdhib; and al-Nasai, al-Duafa wa al-Matrukun, p. 156. Shahr ibn Hawshab is likewise not strong and frequently errs and narrates reports with broken chains. See Mizan al-Itidal, 2:283; Taqrib al-Tahdhib; and al-Nasai, al-Duafa wa al-Matrukun, p. 134.

الرَّجَّاعُ بِقُلُوبِ عِبَادِي الْمُنْصَرِفَةِ عَنِّي إِلَيَّ ﴿الرَّحِيمُ﴾ بِهِمْ بَعْدَ إِقْبَالِهِمْ عَلَيَّ. ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ (١٦١) خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ (١٦٢) وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ (١٦٣) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَمَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ﴾ أَيْ لعنة الملائكة ٢٢/ب ﴿وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ﴾ قَالَ أبو العالية: هذايوم الْقِيَامَةِ يُوقَفُ الْكَافِرُ فَيَلْعَنُهُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ تَلْعَنُهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ثُمَّ يَلْعَنُهُ النَّاسُ فَإِنْ قِيلَ فَقَدْ قَالَ ﴿وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ﴾ وَالْمَلْعُونُ هُوَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ النَّاسِ فَكَيْفَ يَلْعَنُ نَفْسَهُ؟ قِيلَ يَلْعَنُ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وَيَلْعَنُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا" (٢٥-الْعَنْكَبُوتِ) وَقِيلَ إِنَّهُمْ يَلْعَنُونَ الظَّالِمِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ وَمَنْ يَلْعَنُ الظَّالِمِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ وَهُوَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ لَعَنَ نَفْسَهُ ﴿خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا﴾ مُقِيمِينَ فِي اللَّعْنَةِ وَقِيلَ فِي النَّارِ ﴿لَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ﴾ لَا يُمْهَلُونَ وَلَا يُؤَجَّلُونَ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: لَا يُنْظَرُونَ فَيَعْتَذِرُوا كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى "وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ" (٣٦-الْمُرْسَلَاتِ) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ سَبَبُ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنَّ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ قَالُوا يَا مُحَمَّدُ صِفْ لَنَا رَبَّكَ وَانْسُبْهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ وَسُورَةَ الْإِخْلَاصِ (١) وَالْوَاحِدُ الَّذِي لَا نَظِيرَ لَهُ وَلَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجُوَيْهِ أَخْبَرَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمَ" ﴿وإلهكم إله واحد لا إله إلا هو الرحمن الرحيم﴾ و ﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ﴾ (٢) .

(١) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٥٤٨-٥٤٩) ومراجع التحقيق فيه. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الصلاة باب الدعاء ٢ / ٤٥ والترمذي: في الدعوات - باب: ما جاء في جامع الدعوات عن رسول الله ﷺ ٩ / ٤٤٧ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح وابن ماجه: في الدعاء - باب: اسم الله الأعظم "٣٨٥٥" ٢ / ١٢٦٧. والدارمي: في فضائل القرآن، باب: فضل أول سورة البقرة وآية الكرسي: ٢ / ٤٥٠. وأحمد ٦ / ٤٦١ عن أسماء بنت يزيد. والمصنف في شرح السنة ٥ / ٣٩ وقال حديث غريب كلهم من حديث عبيد الله بن أبي زياد عن شهر بن حوشب وعبيد الله بن أبي زياد ليس بالقوي قال أبو داود أحاديثه مناكير، ميزان الاعتدال ٣ / ٨ تقريب التهذيب، الضعفاء والمتروكين للنسائي ص ١٥٦. وشهر بن حوشب ليس بالقوي وكثير الأوهام والإرسال، ميزان الاعتدال ٢ / ٢٨٣ تقريب التهذيب الضعفاء والمتركين للنسائي ص ١٣٤.