Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/231)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that is, safety from associating partners with Allah at death; “and the day I am raised alive”: from the terrors [of that Day]. When Jesus spoke to them in this manner, they came to know Mary’s innocence. Then Jesus, peace be upon him, fell silent and did not speak again until he reached the age at which children normally speak.

“That is Jesus, son of Mary—the word of truth about which they dispute. (34) It is not for Allah to take a son. Exalted is He! When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is. (35) Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path. (36) Yet the factions differed among themselves; so woe to those who disbelieve at the witnessing of a tremendous Day.” (37)

“That is Jesus, son of Mary.” Al-Zajjaj said: That is, the one who said, “Indeed, I am a servant of Allah,” is Jesus, son of Mary. (1)

“The word of truth”: Ibn Amir, Asim, and Yaqub recited it in the accusative, as a verbal noun; that is, he spoke the word of truth—“about which they dispute,” that is, concerning which they differ. One says, “He is the son of Allah”; another says, “He is Allah”; and another says, “He is a lying sorcerer.”

The others recited it in the nominative, meaning: it is the word of truth; that is, this statement is the word of truth. The statement is ascribed to the Truth, just as He says, “the certain truth” and “the true promise.”

It was also said that it is an attribute of Jesus, son of Mary; that is, this is Jesus, son of Mary, the true Word of Allah—He is Allah—concerning whom they dispute, doubt, differ, and speak other than the truth.

Then He denied having a son, saying: “It is not for Allah to take a son”; that is, taking a son is not among His attributes. It was also said that the preposition has been shifted, meaning: It is not for Allah to take a son. “Exalted is He! When He decrees a matter”: when He wills to bring a matter into being, “He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.”

“Indeed, Allah is my Lord and your Lord.” The scholars of the Hijaz and Abu Amr recited it with the initial vowel in the accusative, referring back to His words, “And He has enjoined upon me prayer and zakah”: and [He enjoined upon me] that Allah is my Lord and your Lord. The scholars of Syria, Kufa, and Yaqub recited it with the initial vowel in the nominative, as a new statement. 7/b “So worship Him. That is a straight path.”

“Yet the factions differed among themselves”: that is, the Christians. They were called factions because they divided into three sects concerning Jesus: the Nestorians, the Melkites, and the Jacobites. “So woe to those who disbelieve at the witnessing of a tremendous Day”: that is, the Day of Resurrection.

(1) The text in parentheses is omitted in manuscript A.

أَيْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ، ﴿وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيًّا﴾ مِنَ الْأَهْوَالِ. وَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهُمْ عِيسَى بِهَذَا عَلِمُوا بَرَاءَةَ مَرْيَمَ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ عِيسَى ﵇، فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْمُدَّةَ الَّتِي يَتَكَلَّمُ فِيهَا الصِّبْيَانُ. ﴿ذَلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ (٣٤) مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ سُبْحَانَهُ إِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (٣٥) وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ (٣٦) فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ مَشْهَدِ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ (٣٧) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ﴾ [قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: أَيْ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي قَالَ إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ] (١) ﴿قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَعَاصِمٌ وَيَعْقُوبُ: ﴿قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ﴾ بِنَصْبِ اللَّامِ وَهُوَ نَصْبٌ عَلَى الْمَصْدَرِ، أَيْ: قَالَ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ، ﴿الَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ﴾ أَيْ: يَخْتَلِفُونَ، فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: هُوَ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: هُوَ اللَّهُ، وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: هُوَ سَاحِرٌ كَذَّابٌ. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِرَفْعِ اللَّامِ، يَعْنِي: هُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَقِّ، أَيْ هَذَا الْكَلَامُ هُوَ قَوْلُ الْحَقِّ، أَضَافَ الْقَوْلَ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، كَمَا قَالَ: "حَقُّ الْيَقِينِ"، وَ"وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ". وَقِيلَ: هُوَ نَعْتٌ لِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ، يَعْنِي ذَلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ الْحَقُّ هُوَ اللَّهُ ﴿الَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ﴾ وَيَشُكُّونَ وَيَخْتَلِفُونَ وَيَقُولُونَ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ. ثُمَّ نَفَى عَنْ نَفْسِهِ الْوَلَدَ فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ﴾ أَيْ: مَا كَانَ مِنْ صِفَتِهِ اتِّخَاذُ الْوَلَدِ. وَقِيلَ: اللَّامُ مَنْقُولَةٌ أَيْ مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَتَّخِذَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ، ﴿سُبْحَانَهُ إِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا﴾ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ أَمْرًا ﴿فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ﴾ ﴿وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو: ﴿أَنَّ اللَّهَ﴾ بِفَتْحِ الْأَلِفِ، يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ﴾ وَبِأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ، وَقَرَأَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَالْكُوفَةِ وَيَعْقُوبُ بِكَسْرِ الْأَلِفِ على الاستئناف ٧/ب ﴿فَاعْبُدُوهُ هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ﴾ ﴿فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: النَّصَارَى سُمُّوا أَحْزَابًا لِأَنَّهُمْ تَحَزَّبُوا ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ فِي أَمْرِ عِيسَى: النُّسْطُورِيَّةُ وَالمَلِكَانِيَّةُ وَاليَعْقُوبِيَّةُ. ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ مَشْهَدِ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".