Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/228)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Suddi said: Among the Children of Israel, whoever wished to devote himself to worship would abstain from speech just as he abstained from food, and would not speak until evening.

It was also said that Allah, exalted is He, commanded her to convey this by gesture. And it was said that He commanded her to utter these few words aloud, then refrain from speaking thereafter.

“So I will not speak today to any human being.” It is said that she would speak to the angels, but not to people.

“Then she brought him to her people, carrying him. They said, ‘O Mary, you have certainly done a grave thing. O sister of Aaron, your father was not an evil man, nor was your mother unchaste.’” (27–28)

“Then she brought him to her people, carrying him.” It was said that she gave birth to him and then immediately carried him to her people.

Al-Kalbi said: Joseph the carpenter carried Mary and her son Jesus (1) to a cave, where she remained for forty days until she had become pure from her postnatal bleeding (2). Then Mary carried him to her people. Jesus spoke to her on the way, saying, “O my mother, rejoice, for I am Allah’s servant and His Messiah.” When she came to her family with the infant, they wept and grieved, for they were a righteous household. (3)

“They said, ‘O Mary, you have certainly done a grave thing’”: that is, something tremendous and reprehensible. Abu ‘Ubaydah said: Everything extraordinary, whether in wonder or in deed, is described as fariyy.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said concerning ‘Umar: “I have never seen a genius accomplish what he accomplished.” (4) That is, perform the deeds he performed.

“O sister of Aaron”: meaning, O one resembling Aaron. Qatadah and others said: Aaron was a righteous and devout man among the Children of Israel. It is related that, on the day he died, forty thousand men named Aaron from among the Children of Israel attended his funeral, apart from all other people. [They likened her to him,] meaning: We thought that you were like him in righteousness. It does not mean that she was his sister by lineage, just as Allah, exalted is He, says: “Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils” (al-Isra’: 27)—that is, they are like them.

Isma‘il ibn ‘Abd al-Qahir informed us; ‘Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Isa informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to us; Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Numayr narrated to us.

(1) Omitted from manuscript A. (2) In al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:506, al-Suyuti attributed it to Sa'id ibn Mansur and Ibn Asakir, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, without mentioning Joseph the carpenter. It has already been noted that al-Kalbi is weak. (3) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 6:187. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari, in Manaqib, the chapter on the signs of prophethood in Islam, 6:629-630; and by Muslim, in Fada'il al-Sahabah, the chapter on the virtues of Umar, no. 2393, 4:1862. (5) The words in parentheses are omitted from manuscript A.

قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْتَهِدَ صَامَ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ، كَمَا يَصُومُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ، فَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَمْرَهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ هَذَا إِشَارَةً. وَقِيلَ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ هَذَا الْقَدْرَ نُطْقًا، ثُمَّ تُمْسِكُ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ بَعْدَهُ. ﴿فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا﴾ يُقَالُ: كَانَتْ تُكَلِّمُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ، وَلَا تُكَلِّمُ الْإِنْسَ. ﴿فَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا (٢٧) يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿فَأَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ﴾ قِيلَ: إِنَّهَا وَلَدَتْهُ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْهُ فِي الْحَالِ إِلَى قَوْمِهَا. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: حَمَلَ يُوسُفُ النَّجَّارُ مَرْيَمَ وَابْنَهَا عِيسَى [﵉] (١) إِلَى غَارٍ، وَمَكَثَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا حَتَّى طَهُرَتْ مِنْ نِفَاسِهَا (٢) ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْهُ مَرْيَمُ ﵍ إِلَى قَوْمِهَا. فَكَلَّمَهَا عِيسَى ﵇ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّاهُ أَبْشِرِي فَإِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَمَسِيحُهُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا وَمَعَهَا الصَّبِيُّ بَكَوْا وَحَزِنُوا، وَكَانُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ صَالِحِينَ (٣) ﴿قَالُوا يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا﴾ عَظِيمًا مُنْكَرًا، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: كُلُّ أَمْرٍ فَائِقٍ مِنْ عَجَبٍ أَوْ عَمَلٍ فَهُوَ فَرِيٌّ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي عُمَرَ: "فَلَمْ أَرَ عَبْقَرِيًّا يَفْرِي فَرِيَّهُ" (٤) أَيْ: يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَهُ. ﴿يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ﴾ يُرِيدُ يَا شَبِيهَةَ هَارُونَ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَغَيْرُهُ: كَانَ هَارُونُ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا عَابِدًا فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ اتَّبَعَ جَنَازَتَهُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفًا كُلُّهُمْ يُسَمَّى "هَارُونُ" مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ سِوَى سَائِرِ النَّاسِ [شَبَّهُوهَا بِهِ عَلَى] (٥) مَعْنَى إِنَّا ظَنَنَّا أَنَّكِ مِثْلُهُ فِي الصَّلَاحِ. وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ الْأُخُوَّةَ فِي النَّسَبِ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "إِنَّ الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُوا إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ" (الإِسْرَاءِ:٢٧) أَيْ أَشْبَاهَهُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ

(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر: (٥ / ٥٠٦) لسعيد بن منصور وابن عساكر عن ابن عباس، دون أن يذكر يوسف النجار. وتقدم أن الكلبي ضعيف. (٣) انظر: "البحر المحيط": ٦ / ١٨٧. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المناقب، باب علامات النبوة في الإسلام: ٦ / ٦٢٩-٦٣٠، ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب فضائل عمر ﵁، برقم (٢٣٩٣) : ٤ / ١٨٦٢. (٥) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ".