Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/222)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

That is, have mercy.

“And purity.” Ibn Abbas said: By “purity” He means obedience and sincerity. Qatadah said: It means righteous deeds; this was also the view of al-Dahhak. The meaning of the verse is: We gave him mercy from Us and compassion for the servants, so that he might call them to obey their Lord and perform righteous deeds sincerely.

Al-Kalbi said: It means a charity which Allah bestowed upon his parents.

“And he was devout”: that is, a Muslim, sincere, and obedient. Part of his piety was that he never committed a sin, nor even contemplated one. (1)

“And dutiful toward his parents; and he was not a disobedient tyrant. Peace be upon him the day he was born, the day he dies, and the day he is raised to life. And mention in the Book Mary, when she withdrew from her people to an eastern place.” (14–16)

“And dutiful toward his parents”: that is, kind and gentle with them, treating them well. “And he was not a disobedient tyrant.” A tyrant is one who is arrogant. It is also said that a tyrant is one who strikes and kills in anger, while “disobedient” means sinful. “Peace be upon him”: that is, safety for him, “the day he was born, the day he dies, and the day he is raised to life.”

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah said: The loneliest states a person experiences are these: the day he is born and leaves the state in which he had been; the day he dies and sees people whom he had never seen before; and the day he is raised, when he finds himself in a gathering the like of which he has never seen. Thus John was singled out for safety in these situations. 6/b (2)

His words, exalted is He: “And mention in the Book,” meaning in the Quran, “Mary, when she withdrew,” that is, when she separated and secluded herself, “from her people,” meaning from her community, “to an eastern place,” meaning a place in the house on the side facing east. It was a winter day of intense cold, so she sat in a sunny place, removing lice from her hair.

It was also said that she had become pure from menstruation, so she went to bathe. (3)

(1) Al-Tabari reported it in his Tafsir, 16:58; as did Ahmad in al-Zuhd, Abd al-Razzaq, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Abi Hatim, from Qatadah, who said: Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib used to say, “The Prophet said: ‘No one will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection without having a sin, except Yahya ibn Zakariyya.’” Al-Hasan said: “The Prophet said: ‘Yahya ibn Zakariyya never committed a sin, nor did he ever incline toward a woman.’” Both reports are mursal (with a missing link to the Prophet). See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:486-487; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 3:114-115, where he cites these and other reports and notes their weakness. (2) Folio 6b, the beginning of the first page of the second volume of the al-Zahiriyyah manuscript. (3) Reported by al-Tabari from Sufyan ibn Uyaynah, 16:58-59.

أَيْ: تَرَحَّمْ. ﴿وَزَكَاةً﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَعْنِي بِالزَّكَاةِ الطَّاعَةَ وَالْإِخْلَاصَ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ ﵁: هِيَ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الضَّحَّاكِ. وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: وَآتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا وَتَحَنُّنًا عَلَى الْعِبَادِ، لِيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى طَاعَةِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فِي إِخْلَاصٍ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: يَعْنِي صَدَقَةً تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ. ﴿وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا﴾ مُسْلِمًا وَمُخْلِصًا مُطِيعًا، وَكَانَ مِنْ تَقْوَاهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْمَلْ خَطِيئَةً وَلَا هَمَّ بِهَا (١) . ﴿وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا (١٤) وَسَلَامٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَيًّا (١٥) وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا (١٦) ﴾ ﴿وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ بَارًّا لَطِيفًا بِهِمَا مُحْسِنًا إِلَيْهِمَا. ﴿وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا﴾ وَ"الْجَبَّارُ": الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، وَقِيلَ: "الْجَبَّارُ": الَّذِي يَضْرِبُ وَيَقْتُلُ عَلَى الْغَضَبِ، وَ"الْعَصِيُّ": الْعَاصِي. ﴿وَسَلَامٌ عَلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ: سَلَامَةٌ لَهُ، ﴿يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَيًّا﴾ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عيينة: أوحش ٦/ب (٢) مَا يَكُونُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَحْوَالِ: يَوْمَ وُلِدَ فَيَخْرُجُ مِمَّا كَانَ فِيهِ، وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ فَيَرَى قَوْمًا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَايَنَهُمْ، وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ فَيَرَى نَفْسَهُ فِي مَحْشَرٍ لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ. فَخَصَّ يَحْيَى بِالسَّلَامَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَوَاطِنِ (٣) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ﴾ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ﴿مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ﴾ تَنَحَّتْ وَاعْتَزَلَتْ ﴿مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾ مِنْ قَوْمِهَا ﴿مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا﴾ أَيْ: مَكَانًا فِي الدَّارِ مِمَّا يَلِي الْمَشْرِقَ، وَكَانَ يَوْمًا شَاتِيًا شَدِيدَ الْبَرْدِ، فَجَلَسَتْ فِي مَشْرُقَةٍ تَفْلِي رَأْسَهَا. وَقِيلَ: كَانَتْ طَهُرَتْ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ، فَذَهَبَتْ لِتَغْتَسِلَ.

(١) أخرج الطبري في التفسير: ١٦ / ٥٨، وأحمد في "الزهد" وعبد الرزاق، وعبد بن حميد، وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم عن قتادة قال: كان سعيد بن المسيب يقول: قال النبي ﷺ: "ما من أحد يلقى الله يوم القيامة إلا ذا ذنب، إلا يحيى بن زكريا". وقال الحسن: قال النبي ﷺ: "ما أذنب يحيى بن زكريا قط ولا هم بامرأة". وكلاهما مرسل: انظر: "الدر المنثور": ٥ / ٤٨٦-٤٨٧، "تفسير ابن كثير": ٣ / ١١٤-١١٥، فقد ساق هذه الروايات وغيرها وأشار إلى ضعفها. (٢) ٦/ب بداية الصفحة الأولى في المجلد الثاني لمخطوط الظاهرية. (٣) أخرجه الطبري عن سفيان بن عيينة: ١٦ / ٥٨-٥٩.