Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/215)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah Maryam is Makkan and consists of ninety-eight verses. (1)

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad. (1) A mention of your Lord’s mercy to His servant Zechariah. (2)”

Regarding His statement, exalted is He, “Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad”: Abu Amr recited the ha with kasrah and the ya with fathah, while Ibn Amir and Hamzah recited the reverse. Al-Kisa’i and Abu Bakr recited both with kasrah, while the remaining reciters recited both with fathah.

Ibn Kathir, Nafi, Asim, and Yaqub (2) pronounce the final d of Sad distinctly before the dh of dhikru (mention); the remaining reciters assimilate it. (3)

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: “It is one of the Names of Allah, Most High.”

Qatadah said: “It is one of the names of the Quran.”

It was also said that it is the name of the surah, and it was said that it is an oath by which Allah has sworn.

It is narrated from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, concerning His statement, “Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad,” that he said: “The kaf is from al-Karim (the Generous) and al-Kabir (the Great); the ha is from al-Hadi (the Guide); the ya is from al-Rahim (the Merciful); the ayn is from al-Alim (the All-Knowing) and al-Azim (the Magnificent); and the sad is from al-Sadiq (the Truthful).”

(1) Surat Maryam is Makkan by consensus. Al-Nahhas and Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn al-Zubayr that he said: “Surat Maryam was revealed in Makkah.” Ibn Mardawayh also narrated from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: “Surat Maryam was revealed in Makkah.” Imam Ahmad, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il narrated from Umm Salamah that the Negus said to Jafar ibn Abi Talib: “Do you have anything of what he—meaning the Messenger of Allah—has brought from Allah?” He replied, “Yes,” and recited to him the opening of Kaf Ha Ya Ayn Sad. The Negus wept until his beard was soaked, and his bishops wept until their codices were soaked when they heard what was recited to them. The Negus then said: “This and what Moses brought forth have issued from a single lamp-niche.” See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:476; Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 11:72-73. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) See Ibn al-Jawzi, Zad al-Masir, 5:204-205; al-Bahr al-Muhit, 6:172.

سُورَةِ مَرْيَمَ مَكِّيَّةٌ، وَهِيَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعُونَ آيَةً (١) ﷽ ﴿كهيعص (١) ذِكْرُ رَحْمَةِ رَبِّكَ عَبْدَهُ زَكَرِيَّا (٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿كهيعص﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو بِكَسْرِ الْهَاءِ وَفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ، وَضِدُّهُ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَبِكَسْرِهِمَا: الْكِسَائِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِفَتْحِهِمَا. وَيُظْهِرُ الدَّالَ عِنْدَ الذَّالِ مِنْ "صَادْ ذِكْرُ" ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ، وَنَافِعٌ، وَعَاصِمٌ [وَيَعْقُوبُ] (٢) وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالْإِدْغَامِ (٣) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: هُوَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هُوَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقِيلَ: اسْمٌ لِلسُّورَةِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ قَسَمٌ أَقْسَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ. وَيُرْوَى عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿كهيعص﴾ قَالَ: الْكَافُ مِنْ كِرِيمٍ وَكَبِيرٍ، وَالْهَاءُ مِنْ هَادٍ، وَالْيَاءُ مِنْ رَحِيمٍ، وَالْعَيْنُ مِنْ عَلِيمٍ، وَعَظِيمٍ، وَالصَّادُ مِنْ صَادِقٍ.

(١) سورة مريم مكية بالإجماع، فقد أخرج النحاس وابن مردويه عن ابن الزبير قال: نزلت سورة مريم بمكة. وأخرج ابن مردويه عن عائشة ﵂ قالت: نزلت سورة مريم بمكة. وأخرج الإمام أحمد وابن أبي حاتم، والبيهقي في "الدلائل" عن أم سلمة: أن النجاشي قال لجعفر ابن أبي طالب: هل معك مما جاء به -يعني رسول الله ﷺ من الله شيء؟ قال: نعم، فقرأ عليه صدرا من "كهيعص" فبكى النجاشي حتى أخضل لحيته، وبكت أساقفته حتى أخضلوا مصاحفهم، حين سمعوا ما تلي عليهم. ثم قال النجاشي: إن هذا والذي جاء به موسى ليخرج من مشكاة واحدة. انظر: "الدر المنثور": ٥ / ٤٧٦، "تفسير القرطبي": ١١ / ٧٢-٧٣. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) انظر: "زاد المسير" لابن الجوزي: ٥ / ٢٠٤-٢٠٥ "البحر المحيط": ٦ / ١٧٢.