Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/213)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Allah taught His Messenger humility, lest he become proud before His creatures. He commanded him to acknowledge this and say: “I am a human being like you, except that I have been singled out for revelation and Allah has honored me with it: it is revealed to me that your God is one God, with no partner.”

“So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord”: that is, whoever fears returning to Him. It was also said that it means whoever hopes to see his Lord. Thus, the word hope may carry both the sense of fear and that of expectation. The poet said:

Not every good you hope for will come to be,
Nor every evil you fear will occur.

Thus, he combined both meanings.

“So let him do righteous deeds and associate no one in the worship of his Lord”: that is, let him not perform his deeds for show.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Abu Nu'aym informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Salamah—who was Ibn Kuhayl—who said: I heard Jundub say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever seeks to be heard of, Allah will make him heard of; and whoever shows off, Allah will expose him.” (1)

It has also been narrated to us from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: “The matter I fear most for you is minor shirk.” They asked, “Messenger of Allah, what is minor shirk?” He said: “Showing off.” (2)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi informed us; Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Asamm related to us; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Hakam related to us; my father related to us; Shu'ayb related to us, who said: Al-Layth related to us, from Abu al-Had, from Amr, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: ‘I am the One most free of need of any partner. Whoever performs a deed in which he associates another with Me, I have nothing to do with him; it belongs to the one for whom he performed it.’” (3)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Heart-Softening Narrations, chapter: Ostentation and Seeking Reputation, 11:335-336; and by Muslim in the Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Kinship, chapter: When a Righteous Person Is Praised, It Is Glad Tidings That Do Not Harm Him, no. 2642, 4:2034-2035. Also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:323. (2) Narrated by Imam Ahmad, 5:428-429, and cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:324. Al-Haythami said: “Its narrators are those of the Sahih collections,” and al-Mundhiri said: “Its chain of transmission is sound.” It was also narrated by Ibn Abi al-Dunya, al-Bayhaqi in al-Zuhd, and others. Mahmud ibn Labid saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, but, in my view, it is not established that he heard directly from him. Abu Bakr Ibn Khuzaymah included the aforementioned hadith of Mahmud in his Sahih, although he did not include any mursal reports therein. Ibn Abi Hatim related that al-Bukhari said that he had Companionship; his father said: “His Companionship is not known.” Ibn Abd al-Barr regarded it as more likely that he had Companionship. Al-Tabarani narrated it through a sound chain from Mahmud ibn Labid, from Rafi ibn Khadij. It has also been said that Mahmud’s report is correct without mentioning Rafi in it. And Allah knows best. See al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 1:69; Majma al-Zawaid, 1:102; and compare al-Nahj al-Sadid fi Takhrij Ahadith Taysir al-Aziz al-Hamid, p. 46. (3) Narrated by Muslim in the Book of Asceticism and Heart-Softening Narrations, chapter: Whoever Associates Another with Allah in His Deed, no. 2985, 4:2289, with the wording: “...I abandon him and his association with Me.” It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: Ostentation and Seeking Reputation, no. 4202, 2:1405. In al-Zawaid, he said: “Its chain of transmission is sound.” It is also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:325. See al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 1:69; and consult Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir, 3:109-111, where he cites a number of hadiths concerning riya (showing off).

عَلَّمَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ التَّوَاضُعَ لِئَلَّا يَزْهُوَ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقِرَّ فَيَقُولَ: إِنِّي آدَمِيٌّ مِثْلُكُمْ، إِلَّا أَنِّي خُصِّصْتُ بِالْوَحْيِ وَأَكْرَمَنِي اللَّهُ بِهِ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَهُكُمْ إِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ﴿فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُوا لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ﴾ أَيْ يَخَافُ الْمَصِيرَ إِلَيْهِ وَقِيلَ: يَأْمُلُ رُؤْيَةَ رَبِّهِ فَالرَّجَاءُ يَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الْخَوْفِ وَالْأَمَلِ جَمِيعًا، قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: وَلَا كُلُّ مَا تَرْجُو مِنَ الْخَيْرِ كَائِنٌ ... وَلَا كُلُّ مَا تَرْجُو مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَاقِعُ فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ. ﴿فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا﴾ أَيْ: لَا يُرَائِي بِعَمَلِهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ هُوَ ابْنُ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جُنْدُبًا يَقُولُ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "مَنْ سَمَّعَ سَمَّعَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَمَنْ يُرَائِي يُرَائِي اللَّهُ بِهِ" (١) . وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ الشِّرْكُ الْأَصْغَرُ"، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا الشِّرْكُ الْأَصْغَرُ؟ قَالَ: "الرِّيَاءُ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الصَّيْرَفِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْأَصَمُّ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ أَبِي الْهَادِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﵎ يَقُولُ: أَنَا أَغْنَى الشُّرَكَاءِ عَنِ الشِّرْكِ مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلًا أَشْرَكَ فِيهِ مَعِي غَيْرِي فَأَنَا مِنْهُ بَرِيءٌ هُوَ لِلَّذِي عَمِلَهُ" (٣) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الرقاق، باب الرياء والسمعة: ١١ / ٣٣٥-٣٣٦ ومسلم في البر والصلة باب إذا أثني على الصالح فهي بشرى لا تضره، برقم (٢٦٤٢) : ٤ / ٢٠٣٤-٢٠٣٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٢٣. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٤٢٨،٤٢٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٢٤، قال الهيثمي: "رجاله رجال الصحيح" وقال المنذري: "إسناده جيد" ورواه ابن أبي الدنيا، والبيهقي في الزهد، وغيره. ومحمود بن لبيد رأى النبي ﷺ ولم يصح له منه سماع فيما أرى، وقد خرج أبو بكر بن خزيمة حديث محمود المتقدم في "صحيحه" مع أنه لا يخرج فيه شيئا من المراسيل. وذكر ابن أبي حاتم أن البخاري قال: له صحبة. قال: وقال أبي: لا يعرف له صحبة. ورجح ابن عبد البر أن له صحبة. وقد رواه الطبراني بإسناد جيد عن محمود بن لبيد عن رافع بن خديج، وقيل: إن حديث محمود هو الصواب دون ذكر رافع فيه، والله أعلم". انظر: الترغيب والترهيب: ١ / ٦٩، مجمع الزوائد: ١ / ١٠٢، وقارن بـ:النهج السديد في تخريج أحاديث تيسير العزيز الحميد ص (٤٦) . (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الزهد والرقائق، باب من أشرك في عمله غير الله برقم (٢٩٨٥) : ٤ / ٢٢٨٩ بلفظ: ".. تركته وشركه"، ورواه ابن ماجه في الزهد، باب الرياء والسمعة، برقم (٤٢٠٢) : ٢ / ١٤٠٥، وقال في الزوائد: "إسناد صحيح". وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٢٥، وانظر: الترغيب والترهيب: ١ / ٦٩ وراجع تفسير ابن كثير: ٣ / ١٠٩-١١١ فقد ساق جملة أحاديث في الرياء.