Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/211)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, who said: “On the Day of Resurrection, a huge, fat man will come who will not weigh with Allah as much as the wing of a mosquito.” He then said: Recite, if you wish: “On the Day of Resurrection We shall assign them no weight.” (1)

Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri said: On the Day of Resurrection, people will bring deeds which, in their own estimation, are as great as the mountains of Tihamah; but when they are weighed, they will weigh nothing. That is His saying, Exalted is He: “On the Day of Resurrection We shall assign them no weight.”

“That is their recompense—Hell—because they disbelieved and took My signs and My messengers in mockery. Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds shall have the Gardens of Firdaws as a lodging.” (106–107)

“That” refers to what I have mentioned of the nullification of their deeds and the worthlessness of their standing. He then begins anew, saying: “Their recompense is Hell because they disbelieved and took My signs”—meaning, the Quran—“and My messengers in mockery,” that is, as an object of ridicule and derision.

Regarding His saying, Exalted is He, “Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds shall have the Gardens of Firdaws”: We have related from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said: “When you ask Allah, ask Him for Firdaws, for it is the middlemost and highest part of Paradise. Above it is the Throne of the Most Merciful, and from it the rivers of Paradise flow forth.” (2)

Ka‘b said: There is no garden in Paradise higher than the Garden of Firdaws. It contains those who enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. (3)

Qatadah said: “Firdaws is the elevated central region of Paradise, its best and loftiest part.” (4)

Ka‘b said: “Firdaws is the garden in which there are grapevines.” (5)

Mujahid said: It means “garden” in the Roman language.

‘Ikrimah said: It means “Paradise” in the Abyssinian language. (6)

Al-Zajjaj said: It is a word from the Roman language that has been adopted into Arabic usage. 224/a

Al-Dahhak said: It is the garden whose trees are densely intertwined.

It was also said: It is the beautiful meadow.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, chapter: “Those are the ones who disbelieve in the signs of their Lord and in meeting Him ...,” 8:426; and by Muslim in Kitab Sifat al-Munafiqin wa-Ahkamihim, chapter: “The Description of the Day of Resurrection, Paradise, and Hell,” no. 2785, 4:2147. (2) Part of a hadith narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tawhid, chapter: “His Throne was upon water, and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne,” 13:404. (3) Narrated by al-Tabari, 16:36. (4) Al-Tabari, 16:36. He also narrated it in a report attributed to the Prophet from Qatadah, from al-Hasan, from Samurah ibn Jundub, 16:38. (5) The preceding reference, 16:36. (6) See al-Tabari, 16:36. He cited several hadith supporting the view that the verse means: those who believed in Allah and His Messenger, affirmed Allah’s oneness and what He revealed of His Books, and acted in obedience to Him will have the gardens of al-Firdaws; al-Firdaws is the greatest part of Paradise. See 16:37-38.

عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "لَيَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ الْعَظِيمُ السَّمِينُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا يَزِنُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ جَنَاحَ بعوضة"، وقال اقرؤوا ما شِئْتُمْ: ﴿فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا﴾ (١) . قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ: يَأْتِي أُنَاسٌ بِأَعْمَالٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ هِيَ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي الْعِظَمِ كَجِبَالِ تِهَامَةَ فَإِذَا وَزَنُوهَا لَمْ تَزِنْ شَيْئًا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا (١٠٦) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا (١٠٧) ﴾ ﴿ذَلِكَ﴾ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ حُبُوطِ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَخِسَّةِ أَقْدَارِهِمْ ثُمَّ ابْتَدَأَ فَقَالَ: ﴿جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ ﴿وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا﴾ أَيْ سُخْرِيَةً وَمَهْزُوءًا بِهِمْ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ﴾ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِذَا سَأَلْتُمُ اللَّهَ فَاسْأَلُوهُ الْفِرْدَوْسَ فَإِنَّهُ أَوْسَطُ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَعْلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَفَوْقَهُ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمِنْهُ تَفَجَّرُ أَنْهَارُ الْجَنَّةِ" (٢) . قَالَ كَعْبٌ: لَيْسَ فِي الْجِنَانِ جَنَّةٌ أَعْلَى مِنْ جَنَّةِ الْفِرْدَوْسِ فِيهَا الْآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ (٣) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: "الْفِرْدَوْسُ": رَبْوَةُ الْجَنَّةِ وَأَوْسَطُهَا وَأَفْضَلُهَا وَأَرْفَعُهَا (٤) . قَالَ كَعْبٌ: "الْفِرْدَوْسُ": هُوَ الْبُسْتَانُ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْأَعْنَابُ (٥) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ الْبُسْتَانُ بِالرُّومِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: هِيَ الْجَنَّةُ بِلِسَانِ الْحَبَشِ (٦) . قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: هُوَ بِالرُّومِيَّةِ منقول إلى ٢٢٤/ألَفْظِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: هِيَ الْجَنَّةُ الْمُلْتَفَّةُ الْأَشْجَارِ. وَقِيلَ: هِيَ الرَّوْضَةُ الْمُسْتَحْسَنَةُ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير باب "أولئك الذين كفروا بآيات ربهم ولقائه ... ": ٨ / ٤٢٦، ومسلم في صفات المنافقين وأحكامهم باب صفة القيامة والجنة والنار، برقم (٢٧٨٥) : ٤ / ٢١٤٧. (٢) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب "وكان عرشه على الماء وهو رب العرش العظيم": ١٣ / ٤٠٤. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ١٦ / ٣٦. (٤) الطبري: ١٦ / ٣٦، ورواه أيضا مرفوعا عن قتادة عن الحسن عن سمرة بن جندب: ١٦ / ٣٨. (٥) المرجع السابق ١٦ / ٣٦. (٦) انظر: الطبري: ١٦ / ٣٦، وساق جملة أحاديث تؤيد أن المعنى بالآية: إن الذين صدقوا بالله ورسوله، وأقروا بتوحيد الله وما أنزل من كتبه، وعملوا بطاعته، كانت لهم بساتين الفردوس، والفردوس معظم الجنة. انظر: ١٦ / ٣٧-٣٨.