Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/172)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Bishran informed us; Abu Ali Isma‘il ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma‘mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The believer is like a crop, which the wind continually bends; likewise, the believer continues to be afflicted by trials. And the hypocrite is like a cedar tree [22/a], which does not sway until it is felled.” (1)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us; Isma‘il ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma‘mar informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Izar ibn Hurayth, from Umar ibn Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “How remarkable is the believer’s affair: if good comes to him, he praises Allah and gives thanks; and if a calamity befalls him, he praises Allah and endures patiently. The believer is rewarded in every matter of his, even for the morsel he raises to his wife’s mouth.” (3)

“Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the sacred rites of Allah. Whoever performs pilgrimage to the House or undertakes Umrah incurs no sin by going between them. And whoever volunteers goodness—indeed, Allah is Most Appreciative, All-Knowing.” (158)

His saying, exalted is He: “Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the sacred rites of Allah.” Al-Safa is the plural of safah, meaning a hard, smooth rock. One may say safah and safa, just as one says hasah and hasa for a pebble and pebbles, and nawah and nawa for a date stone and date stones. Al-Marwah is a soft stone; its plural is marawat, while its collective plural is marw, just as tamrah becomes tamarat and tamr.

What is meant by them, however, are the two well-known hills in Mecca, at the two ends of the route between them. For this reason, the definite article is used with both names. The sacred rites of Allah are the distinguishing marks of His religion. The word derives from ish‘ar, meaning to make known; its singular is sha‘irah. Everything that serves as a sign of an act of devotion by which one draws near to Allah—such as prayer, supplication, and sacrifice—is a sha‘irah. Thus, the place of circumambulation, the place of standing, and sacrifice are all among the sacred rites of Allah, as are the sacred sites. What is meant here by the sacred rites is the pilgrimage rituals that Allah has made signs of obedience to Him. Thus, al-Safa and al-Marwah

(1) Al-arzah, with the r either vowelless or carrying an a-vowel, is the cedar tree, a well-known timber. It is also said to be the pine. Some held that it is al-arzah, in the pattern of fa'alah, but Abu Ubayd rejected this. Al-Nihayah, 1:38. (2) Al-Bukhari transmitted it in the Book of Tawhid, chapter: “On the Divine Will and Volition,” 13:446. Muslim transmitted it in the Book of the Hypocrites, chapter: “The Believer Is Like a Crop,” no. 2809, 4:2163; the wording is his. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:247. (3) Muslim transmitted it in the Book of Asceticism, chapter: “The Believer’s Entire Affair Is Good,” on the authority of Suhayb, no. 2999, 4:2295, with the wording: “How wonderful is the affair of the believer: all his affairs are good, and this is for no one except the believer. If prosperity befalls him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; and if adversity befalls him, he is patient, and that is good for him.” The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:448.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَثَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ كَمَثَلِ الزَّرْعِ لَا تَزَالُ الرِّيحُ تُفِيئُهُ وَلَا يَزَالُ الْمُؤْمِنُ يُصِيبُهُ الْبَلَاءُ، ومثل المنافق ٢٢/أكَمَثَلِ شَجَرَةِ الْأَرْزَةِ (١) لَا تَهْتَزُّ حَتَّى تُسْتَحْصَدَ" (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْعِيزَارِ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "عَجَبٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ إِنْ أَصَابَهُ خَيْرٌ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَشَكَرَ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَصَبَرَ. فَالْمُؤْمِنُ يُؤْجَرُ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرِهِ حَتَّى يُؤْجَرَ فِي اللُّقْمَةِ يَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِهِ" (٣) . ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيمٌ (١٥٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ الصَّفَا جَمْعُ صَفَاةٍ وَهِي الصَّخْرَةُ الصُّلْبَةُ الْمَلْسَاءُ، يُقَالُ: صَفَاةٌ وَصَفَا، مِثْلَ: حَصَاةٌ وَحَصَى وَنَوَاةٌ وَنَوَى، وَالْمَرْوَةُ: الْحَجَرُ الرَّخْوُ، وَجَمْعُهَا مَرَوَاتٌ، وَجَمْعُ الْكَثِيرِ مَرْوٌ، مِثْلَ تَمْرَةٍ وَتَمَرَاتٍ وَتَمْرٌ. وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهِمَا الْجَبَلَيْنِ الْمَعْرُوفَيْنِ بِمَكَّةَ فِي طَرَفَيِ الْمَسْعَى، وَلِذَلِكَ أَدْخَلَ فِيهِمَا الْأَلِفَ وَاللَّامَ، وَشَعَائِرُ اللَّهِ أَعْلَامُ دِينِهِ، أَصْلُهَا مِنَ الْإِشْعَارِ وَهُوَ الْإِعْلَامُ وَاحِدَتُهَا شَعِيرَةٌ وَكُلُّ مَا كَانَ مَعْلَمًا لِقُرْبَانٍ يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ صَلَاةٍ وَدُعَاءٍ وَذَبِيحَةٍ فَهُوَ شَعِيرَةٌ فَالْمَطَافُ وَالْمَوْقِفُ وَالنَّحْرُ كُلُّهَا شَعَائِرُ اللَّهِ وَمِثْلُهَا الْمَشَاعِرُ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِالشَّعَائِرِ هَاهُنَا: الْمَنَاسِكُ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا اللَّهُ أَعْلَامًا لِطَاعَتِهِ، فَالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةُ

(١) الأرزة: بسكون الراء وفتحها شجرة الأرزة وهو خشب معروف وقيل: هو الصنوبر وقال بعضهم: هي الأرزة بوزن فاعلة وأنكرها أبو عبيدة. النهاية ١ / ٣٨. (٢) رواه البخاري: في التوحيد - باب: في المشيئة والإرادة: ١٣ / ٤٤٦. ومسلم: في المنافقين - باب: مثل المؤمن كالزرع برقم (٢٨٠٩) ٤ / ٢١٦٣ واللفظ له. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٤٧. (٣) رواه مسلم: في الزهد - باب: المؤمن أمره كله خير عن صهيب برقم (٢٩٩٩) ٤ / ٢٢٩٥، بلفظ: "عجبا لأمر المؤمن إن أمره كله له خير، وليس ذاك لأحد إلا للمؤمن، إن إصابته سراء شكر، فكان خيرا له، وإن أصابته ضراء صبر، فكان خيرا له" والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤٤٨.