Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/180)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Qāhir informed us; ʿAbd al-Ghāfir ibn Muḥammad informed us; Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Julūdī informed us; Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sufyān informed us; Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj informed us; Yaḥyā ibn Khalaf al-Bāhilī narrated to us; ʿAbd al-Aʿlā informed us, from Saʿīd al-Jarīrī, from Abu al-ʿAlāʾ, that ʿUthmān ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, Satan has come between me and my prayer and my recitation, causing me confusion in them.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “That is a devil called Khanzab. When you sense his presence, seek refuge in Allah from him and spit dryly to your left three times.” He said: “I did so, and Allah removed him from me.” (1)

Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Qāhir informed us; ʿAbd al-Ghāfir ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Julūdī narrated to us; Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sufyān informed us; Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj narrated to us; Abu Kurayb Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAlāʾ informed us; Abu Muʿāwiyah narrated to us; al-Aʿmash narrated to us, from Abu Sufyān, from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Iblis places his throne upon the water, then sends out his detachments. The one nearest to him in rank is the one who causes the greatest tribulation. One of them comes and says, ‘I did such-and-such,’ and he replies, ‘You have done nothing.’ Then another comes and says, ‘I did not leave him until I separated him from his wife.’ Thereupon, he draws him close and says, ‘Yes, it is you.’” Al-Aʿmash said: “I believe he said: ‘Then he embraces him.’” (2)

Allah, exalted is He, says: “What an evil substitute for the wrongdoers!” Qatādah said: “What an evil exchange they made: exchanging obedience to Iblis and his offspring for the worship of their Lord.”

“And I did not make them witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor would I take the misguiders as assistants.” (51)

The words “I did not make them witness” mean: I did not make them present. Abu ⦗220a⦘ Jaʿfar recited it in the first-person plural form, denoting majesty: “We did not make them witness”—that is, Iblis and his offspring. It was also said that it refers to the unbelievers. Al-Kalbī said that it refers to the angels. “The creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation”: that is, I did not make them witness any act of creation, so that I might seek their help in creating it or consult them concerning it. “Nor would I take the misguiders as assistants”: that is, the devils who lead people astray, as supporters and helpers.

(1) Recorded by Muslim in the Book of Greetings, chapter: Seeking Refuge from the Devil Who Whispers during Prayer, no. 2203, 4/1728-1729. (2) Recorded by Muslim in the Book of the Characteristics and Rulings of the Hypocrites, chapter: Satan’s Incitement and His Sending Forth of His Detachments, no. 2813, 4/2167; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/410.

أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنْبَأَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ خَلَفٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْجَرِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ؛ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ حَالَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ صَلَاتِي وَبَيْنَ قِرَاءَتِي يُلَبِّسُهَا عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ خَنْزَبُ، فَإِذَا أَحْسَسْتَهُ فَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُ وَاتْفُلْ عَنْ يَسَارِكَ ثَلَاثًا" قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَذْهَبَهُ اللَّهُ عَنِّي (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنْبَأَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلَاءٍ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵃ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ يَضَعُ عَرْشَهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ سَرَايَاهُ فَأَدْنَاهُمْ مِنْهُ مَنْزِلَةً أَعْظَمُهُمْ فِتْنَةً يَجِيءُ أَحَدُهُمْ فَيَقُولُ: فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَيَقُولُ: مَا صَنَعْتَ شَيْئًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ أَحَدُهُمْ فَيَقُولُ: مَا تَرَكْتُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّقْتُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، قَالَ: فَيُدْنِيهِ مِنْهُ، وَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ أَنْتَ". قَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ أَرَاهُ قَالَ: فَيَلْتَزِمُهُ (٢) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بِئْسَ مَا اسْتَبْدَلُوا طَاعَةَ إِبْلِيسَ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِمْ. ﴿مَا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَا خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَمَا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدًا (٥١) ﴾ ﴿مَا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ﴾ مَا أَحْضَرْتُهُمْ وقرأ أبو ٢٢٠/أجَعْفَرٍ "مَا أَشْهَدْنَاهُمْ" بِالنُّونِ وَالْأَلْفِ عَلَى التَّعْظِيمِ أَيْ: أَحْضَرْنَاهُمْ يَعْنِي إِبْلِيسَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ. وَقِيلَ: الْكُفَّارُ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: يَعْنِي الْمَلَائِكَةَ ﴿خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَا خَلْقَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ يَقُولُ: مَا أَشْهَدْتُهُمْ خَلْقًا فَأَسْتَعِينُ بِهِمْ عَلَى خَلْقِهَا وَأُشَاوِرُهُمْ فِيهَا، ﴿وَمَا كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذَ الْمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدًا﴾ أَيِ: الشَّيَاطِينَ الَّذِينَ يُضِلُّونَ النَّاسَ عَضُدًا، أَيْ: أَنْصَارًا وَأَعْوَانًا.

(١) أخرجه مسلم في السلام باب التعوذ من شيطان الوسوسة في الصلاة، برقم (٢٢٠٣) : ٤ / ١٧٢٨-١٧٢٩. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في صفات المنافقين وأحكامهم، باب تحريش الشيطان وبعثه سراياه، برقم (٢٨١٣) : ٤ / ٢١٦٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٤١٠.