Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/170)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from a freedman of Umm Salamah, from Umm Salamah, the Prophet’s wife, who said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: ‘No calamity befalls a servant who then says, “Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we shall return. O Allah, reward me for my affliction and compensate me with something better than it,” except that Allah rewards him for his affliction and compensates him with something better than it.’” Umm Salamah said: “When Abu Salamah died, Allah gave me the resolve to say: ‘O Allah, reward me for my affliction and compensate me with something better than it.’ So Allah compensated me with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.” (1)

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: “No one has been granted, in the face of calamity, what this community has been granted—meaning the utterance, ‘Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we shall return.’ Had anyone been granted it, Jacob would have been granted it. Do you not hear the words of the Exalted concerning the story of Joseph: ‘Oh, my sorrow for Joseph!’” (Yusuf 84)

“Those”—the people who possess this quality—“upon them are blessings from their Lord and mercy.” “Blessings” means mercy, for blessing from Allah is mercy. Mercy is mentioned separately as an emphasis, and the plurality of “blessings” means mercy upon mercy. “And they are the rightly guided”: that is, guided to the utterance, “Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we shall return.” It has also been said: guided to truth and what is right; and it has been said: guided to Paradise and reward. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “What excellent are the two balanced loads, and what an excellent additional load!” The two balanced loads are the blessing and mercy, while the additional load is guidance.

Reports have been transmitted concerning the reward of those afflicted and the recompense of those who are patient. Among them is that Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ali Zahir ibn Ahmad al-Sarakhsi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Samad al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us, from Malik, from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Sa‘sa‘ah, who said: “I heard Abu al-Hubab Sa‘id ibn Yasar say: ‘I heard Abu Hurayrah say: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whomever Allah intends good for, He afflicts him.”’” (3)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na‘imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; Abdullah ibn Muhammad informed us; Abd al-Malik ibn Amr informed us; Zuhayr ibn Muhammad informed us, from Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Halhalah, from Ata ibn Yasar, from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “No fatigue, illness, worry, grief, harm, or distress befalls a Muslim—not even a thorn that pricks him—except that Allah thereby expiates some of his sins.” (4)

(1) Muslim transmitted it in the Book of Funerals, chapter: “What Is Said at the Time of Calamity,” no. 918, 2:632-633. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:293-294. (2) Al-Wahidi transmitted it in al-Wasit, through his chain from Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, 1:226. Al-Qurtubi said in his Tafsir, 2:177: “By the two balanced loads, he meant blessings and mercy; and by the additional load, guidance.” (3) Al-Bukhari transmitted it in the Book of Patients, chapter: “What Has Been Related Concerning the Expiation of Illness,” 10:103. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:232. (4) Al-Bukhari transmitted it in the Book of Patients, chapter: “What Has Been Related Concerning the Expiation of Illness,” 10:103; and Muslim in the Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties, chapter: “The Believer’s Reward for What Befalls Him,” no. 2573, 4:1993. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:233.

أَخْبَرَنَا مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَا مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ تُصِيبُ عَبْدًا فَيَقُولُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي وَاخَلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا، إِلَّا آجَرَهُ اللَّهُ فِي مُصِيبَتِهِ وَأَخْلَفَ لَهُ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا" قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَزَمَ اللَّهُ لِي فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي وَاخَلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا. فَأَخْلَفَ اللَّهُ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ (١) وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مَا أُعْطِيَ أَحَدٌ فِي الْمُصِيبَةِ مَا أُعْطِيَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ يَعْنِي الِاسْتِرْجَاعَ وَلَوْ أُعْطِيَهَا أَحَدٌ لَأُعْطِيَهَا يَعْقُوبُ ﵇ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى فِي قِصَّةِ يُوسُفَ ﵇ "يَا أَسَفَى عَلَى يُوسُفَ" (٨٤-يُوسُفَ) ﴿أُولَئِكَ﴾ أَهْلُ هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ ﴿عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ﴾ صَلَوَاتٌ أَيْ رَحْمَةٌ فَإِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ مِنَ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَةُ وَرَحْمَةٌ ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ تَأْكِيدًا وَجَمِيعُ الصَّلَوَاتِ، أَيْ: رَحْمَةٌ بَعْدَ رَحْمَةٍ ﴿وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُهْتَدُونَ﴾ إِلَى الِاسْتِرْجَاعِ وَقِيلَ إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَالصَّوَابِ وَقِيلَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَالثَّوَابِ، قَالَ عُمَرُ ﵁: نِعْمَ الْعَدْلَانِ وَنِعْمَتِ الْعِلَاوَةُ (٢) فَالْعَدْلَانِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالرَّحْمَةُ، وَالْعِلَاوَةُ الْهِدَايَةُ. وَقَدْ وَرَدَتْ أَخْبَارٌ فِي ثَوَابِ أَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ وَأَجْرِ الصَّابِرِينَ مِنْهَا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي صَعْصَعَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحُبَابِ سَعِيدَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "مَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُصِبْ مِنْهُ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو أَخْبَرَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَلْحَلَةَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ نَصَبٍ وَلَا وَصَبٍ وَلَا هَمٍّ وَلَا حَزَنٍ وَلَا أَذًى وَلَا غَمٍّ حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةِ يُشَاكُهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه مسلم: في الجنائز - باب: ما يقال عند المصيبة: برقم (٩١٨) ٢ / ٦٣٢-٦٣٣. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٩٣-٢٩٤. (٢) أخرجه الواحدي في الوسيط بسنده عن عمر ﵁: ١ / ٢٢٦. وقال القرطبي في التفسير: ٢ / ١٧٧: "أراد بالعدلين: الصلاة والرحمة؛ وبالعلاوة: الاهتداء. (٣) رواه البخاري: في المرضى - باب: ما جاء في كفارة المرض: ١٠ / ١٠٣ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٣٢. (٤) رواه البخاري: في المرضى - باب: ما جاء في كفارة المرض: ١٠ / ١٠٣ مسلم: في البر والصلة - باب: ثواب المؤمن فيما يصيبه برقم (٢٥٧٣) ٤ / ١٩٩٣. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٣٣.