Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/174)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world, but enduring righteous deeds are better with your Lord in reward and better in hope.” (46)

Allah’s saying, “And set forth for them”—O Muhammad—means: for your people, “the parable of the life of this world: it is like rain that We send down from the sky,” meaning rainfall, “causing the vegetation of the earth to grow luxuriantly”: every kind of plant and blossom emerges through it. “Then it becomes,” before long, “dry stubble,” dried up. Ibn Abbas said—and al-Dahhak said—“broken into pieces.” Dry stubble is whatever vegetation has dried up and crumbled. “Scattered by the winds”: Ibn Abbas said, “The winds stir it up” (1). Abu Ubaydah said, “They disperse it,” while al-Qutaybi said, “They sweep it away.” “And Allah is ever fully able over all things,” that is, fully capable.

“Wealth and children,” in which Utbah and his wealthy companions take pride, “are the adornment of the life of this world”; they are not provisions for the Hereafter.

Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Wealth and children are the cultivation of this world, while righteous deeds are the cultivation of the Hereafter. Allah may grant both to certain people.”

“But enduring righteous deeds”: there is disagreement concerning them. Ibn Abbas, Ikrimah, and Mujahid said: They are the words, “Glory be to Allah; praise be to Allah; none has the right to be worshipped but Allah; and Allah is Most Great.” It has been narrated to us that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The best words are four: ‘Glory be to Allah; praise be to Allah; none has the right to be worshipped but Allah; and Allah is Most Great.’” (2)

Abu al-Qasim Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Hanafi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Abu Jafar Abdullah ibn Ismail al-Hashimi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Ataridi narrated to us; Abu Muawiyah narrated to us, from

(1) In manuscript B: tudiruhu ("you administer it"). (2) Al-Bukhari cited it in suspended form in the Book of Oaths and Vows, 11/566. Al-Nasa'i recorded it with a connected chain through Dirar ibn Murrah, from Abu Salih, from Abu Sa'id and Abu Hurayrah, attributed to the Prophet, with the same wording. Muslim recorded it from Samurah ibn Jundub, 3/1675, with the wording “more beloved” instead of “best.” Ibn Hibban recorded it through this route with the wording “best.” The hadith of Abu Hurayrah has other chains, which al-Nasa'i recorded and Ibn Hibban authenticated. See Fath al-Bari, 11/567.

﴿الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ أَمَلًا (٤٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَيْ: لِقَوْمِكَ ﴿مَثَلَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَطَرَ ﴿فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ﴾ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ كُلُّ لَوْنٍ وَزَهْرَةٍ ﴿فَأَصْبَحَ﴾ عَنْ قَرِيبٍ ﴿هَشِيمًا﴾ يَابِسًا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَالَ الضَّحَاكُ: كَسِيرًا وَالْهَشِيمُ: مَا يَبِسَ وَتَفَتَّتَ مِنَ النَّبَاتَاتِ فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا ﴿تَذْرُوهُ الرِّيَاحُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: تُثِيرُهُ (١) الرِّيَاحُ وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: تُفَرِّقُهُ. وَقَالَ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ: تَنْسِفُهُ ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقْتَدِرًا﴾ قَادِرًا. ﴿الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ﴾ الَّتِي يَفْتَخِرُ بِهَا عُتْبَةُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْأَغْنِيَاءُ ﴿زِينَةُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ زَادِ الْآخِرَةِ. قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁: الْمَالُ وَالْبَنُونَ حَرْثُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْأَعْمَالُ الصَّالِحَةُ حَرْثُ الْآخِرَةِ وَقَدْ يَجْمَعُهَا اللَّهُ لِأَقْوَامٍ. ﴿وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهَا فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَمُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ قَوْلُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَفْضَلُ الْكَلَامِ أَرْبَعُ كَلِمَاتٍ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الْعَطَارِدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ

(١) في "ب": تديره. (٢) أخرجه البخاري تعليقا في الأيمان والنذور: ١١ / ٥٦٦، ووصله النسائي من طريق ضرار بن مرة عن أبي صالح عن أبي سعيد وأبي هريرة مرفوعا بلفظه وأخرجه مسلم من حديث سمرة بن جندب: ٣ / ١٦٧٥ بلفظ: "أحب" بدل: أفضل. وأخرجه ابن حبان من هذا الطريق بلفظ: "أفضل" ولحديث أبي هريرة طرق أخرى أخرجها النسائي وصححها ابن حبان. انظر: فتح الباري: ١١ / ٥٦٧.