Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/166)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And keep yourself patiently with those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, seeking His Countenance. Do not let your eyes turn away from them, desiring the adornment of the life of this world; and do not obey one whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance, who follows his own desire, and whose affair is in excess.” (28)

His words, exalted is He: “And recite”—that is, read, O Muhammad—“what has been revealed to you of the Book of your Lord,” meaning the Quran, and follow what it contains. “None can alter His words.” Al-Kalbi said: None can alter the Quran. It was also said: None can alter what He has promised, in His words, to those who disobey Him. “And you will never find,” if you do not follow the Quran, “any refuge apart from Him.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: a protection. Al-Hasan said: an entrance. Mujahid said: a shelter. It was also said: a place to turn aside, or a place of escape. Its root meaning is turning away.

His words, exalted is He: “And keep yourself patiently”—the verse was revealed concerning Uyaynah ibn Hisn al-Fazari. Before he accepted Islam, he came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, while a group of poor people were with him, among them Salman. He was wearing a mantle in which he had perspired, and he held a palm frond which he split and then wove. Uyaynah said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Does the smell of these people not offend you? We are the chiefs and nobles of Mudar. If we accept Islam, the people will accept Islam; and nothing prevents us from following you except these people. So keep them away from you until we follow you, or appoint one gathering for us and another for them.” Thereupon Allah, exalted is He, revealed: “And keep yourself patiently.” (1) That is: Keep yourself, O Muhammad, with those who call upon their Lord morning and evening, at the two ends of the day, “seeking His Countenance”—that is, seeking Allah and not seeking any worldly gain through it.

Qatadah said: It was revealed concerning the Companions of the Suffah. They were seven hundred poor men in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. They had no trade, farming, or livestock to return to; they would perform one prayer and await the next. When this verse was revealed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “All praise is due to Allah, who has placed in my community those with whom I have been commanded to keep myself patiently.” (2)

“And do not let your eyes turn away from them”—that is, do not turn your eyes away from them or pass beyond them to others—“desiring the adornment of the life of this world,” meaning, seeking to sit with the wealthy and noble, and to keep the company of worldly people.

“And do not obey one whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance,” meaning: We have made his heart heedless of Our remembrance. That is, Uyaynah ibn

(1) See: Al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:380-382; al-Tabari, 15:234-236; Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, pp. 344-345; Zad al-Masir, 5:132. (2) See: Al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:380; Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 345; Ibn Kathir, 3:82.

﴿وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ وَلَا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا (٢٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاتْلُ﴾ وَاقْرَأْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ﴿مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ كِتَابِ رَبِّكَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ وَاتَّبِعْ مَا فِيهِ ﴿لَا مُبَدِّلَ لِكَلِمَاتِهِ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: لَا مُغَيِّرَ لِلْقُرْآنِ. وَقِيلَ: لَا مُغَيِّرَ لِمَا أَوْعَدَ بِكَلِمَاتِهِ أَهْلَ مَعَاصِيهِ. ﴿وَلَنْ تَجِدَ﴾ أَنْتَ ﴿مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ إِنْ لَمْ تَتَّبِعِ الْقُرْآنَ ﴿مُلْتَحَدًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: حِرْزًا. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: مَدْخَلًا. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَلْجَأً. وَقِيلَ: مَعْدَلًا. وَقِيلَ: مَهْرَبًا. وَأَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْمَيْلِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ﴾ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ وَعِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْفُقَرَاءِ فِيهِمْ سَلْمَانُ وَعَلَيْهِ شَمْلَةٌ قَدْ عَرِقَ فِيهَا وَبِيَدِهِ خُوصَةٌ يَشُقُّهَا ثُمَّ يَنْسِجُهَا فَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَمَا يُؤْذِيكَ رِيحُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَنَحْنُ سَادَاتُ مُضَرَ وَأَشْرَافُهَا فَإِنْ أَسْلَمْنَا أَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ وَمَا يَمْنَعُنَا مِنَ اتِّبَاعِكَ إِلَّا هَؤُلَاءِ فَنَحِّهِمْ عَنْكَ حَتَّى نَتْبَعَكَ أَوِ اجْعَلْ لَنَا مَجْلِسًا وَلَهُمْ مَجْلِسًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاصْبِرْ نَفْسَكَ﴾ (١) أَيِ: احْبِسْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ نَفْسَكَ ﴿مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ﴾ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ ﴿يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَهُ﴾ أَيْ: يُرِيدُونَ اللَّهَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ عَرَضًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الصُّفَةِ وَكَانُوا سَبْعَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ فُقَرَاءَ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى تِجَارَةٍ وَلَا إِلَى زَرْعٍ وَلَا ضَرْعٍ يُصَلُّونَ صَلَاةً وَيَنْتَظِرُونَ أُخْرَى فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي أُمَّتِي مَنْ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَصْبِرَ نَفْسِي مَعَهُمْ " (٢) . ﴿وَلَا تَعْدُ﴾ أَيْ: لَا تَصْرِفْ وَلَا تَتَجَاوَزْ ﴿عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ﴾ إِلَى غَيْرِهِمْ ﴿تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ أَيْ: طَلَبَ مُجَالَسَةِ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ وَالْأَشْرَافِ وَصُحْبَةِ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا. ﴿وَلَا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا﴾ أَيْ: جَعَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ غَافِلًا عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا يَعْنِي: عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ

(١) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٣٨٠-٣٨٢، الطبري: ١٥ / ٢٣٤-٢٣٦، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٤٤-٣٤٥) ، زاد المسير: ٥ / ١٣٢. (٢) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٣٨٠، أسباب النزول ص (٣٤٥) ابن كثير: ٣ / ٨٢.