Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: Then a righteous man named Baidarūs became king over the people of those lands. He remained in power for sixty-eight years. During his reign, the people split into factions: some believed in Allah and knew that the Hour was true, while others denied it. This weighed heavily upon the righteous king. He wept, supplicated Allah, and grieved deeply when he saw the people of falsehood increasing and prevailing over the people of truth, saying, “There is no life but the life of this world. Only souls will be resurrected; bodies will not be resurrected.”

Baidarūs began summoning those whom he considered virtuous and leaders among the people, but they too began denying the Hour, until they nearly turned people away from the truth and the faith of the disciples. When the righteous king saw this, he entered his house, shut himself inside, put on sackcloth, spread ashes beneath himself, and sat upon them. For a time, he persisted day and night in supplicating Allah Most High and weeping, saying, “My Lord, You see the division among these people; so send them a sign that will make clear to them (1) the falsity of what they follow.”

Then the Most Merciful, the Ever-Merciful—who abhors the destruction of His servants—willed to bring forth the young men, the Companions of the Cave, to make their case clear to the people, and to make them a sign and a proof against them, so that they might know that the Hour is coming, about which there is no doubt; to answer His righteous servant Baidarūs; to perfect His favor upon him; and to reunite the believers who had been scattered.

So Allah inspired a man from the people of the town in which the cave was located, whose name was Ulyānūs, to demolish the structure built over the mouth of the cave and use its stones to build a sheepfold. He hired two young laborers, and they (2) began removing those stones and building the sheepfold, until they had removed what covered the mouth of the cave and opened its entrance. Allah kept the people away from them by means of terror.

When they opened the entrance to the cave, Allah—the Possessor of might and authority, the Giver of life to the dead—gave the young men leave to sit up within the cave. They sat up rejoicing, their faces radiant and their hearts at ease. They greeted one another, as though they had merely awoken at the usual hour when they would rise in the morning after their night’s sleep. Then they stood for prayer and prayed as they had formerly done. No change could be seen in their faces or complexion that they found unfamiliar; they were as they had been when they lay down to sleep. They still believed that Decius was searching for them.

When they had finished their prayer, they said to Yamlīkhā, who was in charge of their provisions, “Tell us: what did the people say about our case yesterday evening before this tyrant?” They thought that they had slept as they usually slept, though they sensed that they had slept longer than usual, and so they asked one another, “How long have you remained asleep?” They said, “We have remained a day or part of a day.” Then they said, “Your Lord knows best how long you have remained.” Yet all of this seemed slight to them.

Yamlīkhā said to them, “You were sought in the city but could not be found. He intends that you be brought before him today, so that you may sacrifice to the idols; otherwise, he will kill you. Thereafter, Allah will do whatever He wills.”

Then Maksalmīnā said to them, “My brothers, know that you will meet Allah, so do not disbelieve after your faith when the enemy of Allah summons you.”

Then they said to Yamlīkhā, “Go to the city and listen carefully to what is being said there about us, and what is being mentioned before Decius. Be discreet, and do not let anyone become aware of you; and buy us some food,”

(1) Omitted in manuscript A. (2) Omitted in manuscript A.
وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ مَلَكَ أَهْلَ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: "بَيْدَرُوسُ" فَلَمَّا مَلَكَ بَقِيَ فِي مُلْكِهِ ثَمَانِيًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً فَتَحَزَّبَ النَّاسُ فِي مُلْكِهِ فَكَانُوا أَحْزَابًا مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّ السَّاعَةَ حَقٌّ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمَلِكِ الصَّالِحِ فَبَكَى وَتَضَرَّعَ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَحَزِنَ حُزْنًا شَدِيدًا لَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلَ الْبَاطِلِ يَزِيدُونَ وَيَظْهَرُونَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحَقِّ وَيَقُولُونَ لَا حَيَاةَ إِلَّا حَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّمَا تُبْعَثُ الْأَرْوَاحُ وَلَا تُبْعَثُ الْأَجْسَادُ فَجَعَلَ "بيدروس" يرسل أن مَنْ يَظُنُّ فِيهِ خَيَّرَا وَأَنَّهُمْ أَئِمَّةٌ فِي الْخَلْقِ فَجَعَلُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ بِالسَّاعَةِ حَتَّى كَادُوا أَنْ يُحَوِّلُوا النَّاسَ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَمِلَّةِ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكُ الصَّالِحُ دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ وَأَغْلَقَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَبِسَ مِسْحًا وَجَعَلَ تَحْتَهُ رَمَادًا فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ فَدَأَبَ لَيْلَهُ وَنَهَارَهُ زَمَانًا يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَيَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: أَيْ رَبِّ قَدْ تَرَى اخْتِلَافَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَابْعَثْ إِلَيْهِمْ آيَةً تُبَيِّنُ لَهُمْ [بُطْلَانَ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ] (١) ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّحْمَنَ الرَّحِيمَ الَّذِي يَكْرَهُ هَلَكَةَ الْعِبَادِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُظْهِرَ الْفِتْيَةَ أَصْحَابَ الْكَهْفِ وَيُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ شَأْنَهُمْ وَيَجْعَلَهُمْ آيَةً وَحُجَّةً عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَيَسْتَجِيبُ لِعَبْدِهِ الصَّالِحِ بَيْدَرُوسَ وَيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْ يَجْمَعَ مَنْ كَانَ تَبَدَّدَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَلْقَى اللَّهُ فِي نَفْسِ رَجُلٍ مَنْ أَهَّلِ ذَلِكَ الْبَلَدِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْكَهْفُ وَكَانَ اسْمُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ "أُولْيَانُوسَ" أَنْ يَهْدِمَ ذَلِكَ الْبُنْيَانَ الَّذِي عَلَى فَمِ الْكَهْفِ فَيَبْنِي بِهِ حَظِيرَةً لِغَنَمِهِ فَاسْتَأْجَرَ غُلَامَيْنِ فَجَعَلَا (٢) يَنْزِعَانِ تِلْكَ الْحِجَارَةَ وَيَبْنِيَانِ تِلْكَ الْحَظِيرَةَ حَتَّى نَزَعَا مَا عَلَى فَمِ الْكَهْفِ وَفَتَحَا بَابَ الْكَهْفِ وَحَجَبَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ النَّاسِ بِالرُّعْبِ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَا بَابَ الْكَهْفِ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ ذُو الْقُدْرَةِ وَالسُّلْطَانِ مُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى لِلْفِتْيَةِ أَنْ يَجْلِسُوا بَيْنَ ظَهَرَانَيِ الْكَهْفِ فَجَلَسُوا فَرِحِينَ مُسْفِرَةً وُجُوهُهُمْ طَيِّبَةً أَنْفُسُهُمْ فَسَلَّمَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا اسْتَيْقَظُوا مِنْ سَاعَتِهِمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَسْتَيْقِظُونَ فِيهَا إِذَا أَصْبَحُوا مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّوْا كَالَّذِي كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ لَا يُرَى فِي جوههم وَلَا أَلْوَانِهِمْ شَيْءٌ يُنْكِرُونَهُ كَهَيْئَتِهِمْ حِينَ رَقَدُوا وَهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ دِقْيَانُوسَ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ فَلِمَا قَضَوْا صَلَاتَهُمْ قَالُوا لِيَمْلِيخَا صَاحِبِ نَفَقَاتِهِمْ: أَنْبِئْنَا مَا الَّذِي قَالَ النَّاسُ فِي شَأْنِنَا عَشِيَّةَ أَمْسٍ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْجَبَّارِ؟ وَهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُمْ رَقَدُوا كَبَعْضِ مَا كَانُوا يرقدون وقد تخيل إِلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ نَامُوا أَطْوَلَ مِمَّا كَانُوا يَنَامُونَ حَتَّى يَتَسَاءَلُوا بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ نِيَامًا؟ قَالُوا: لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ ثُمَّ قَالُوا: رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثْتُمْ وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ يَسِيرٌ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ يَمْلِيخَا: الْتُمِسْتُمْ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمْ تُوجَدُوا وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُؤْتَى بِكُمُ الْيَوْمَ فَتَذْبَحُونَ لِلطَّوَاغِيتِ أَوْ يَقْتُلُكُمْ فَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مَكْسِلْمِينَا: يَا إِخْوَتَاهُ اعلموا أنكم ملاقوا اللَّهِ فَلَا تَكْفُرُوا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا لِيَمْلِيخَا: انْطَلِقْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَتَسَمَّعْ ما يقال عليلنا بِهَا وَمَا الَّذِي يُذْكَرُ عِنْدَ دِقْيَانُوسَ وَتَلَطَّفْ وَلَا تُشْعِرَنَّ بِكَ أَحَدًا وَابْتَعْ لَنَا طَعَامًا
(١) ساقط من "أ". (٢) ساقط من "أ".

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