Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

with his companion. Then each of them would disclose his secret to the other. They did so, and found that they were all believers. There was a cave in a mountain near them, so they said to one another, “Take refuge in the cave; your Lord will spread His mercy over you.” They entered the cave, accompanied by their hunting dog, and slept for three hundred years, plus nine more. Their people missed them and searched for them, but Allah concealed their tracks and their cave from them. So they recorded their names and lineages on a tablet: “So-and-so, so-and-so, and so-and-so, the sons of our kings, went missing in such-and-such a month, in such-and-such a year, during the reign of so-and-so son of so-and-so.” They placed the tablet (2) in the king’s treasury and said, “There must be some significance to this.” That king then died, and generation after generation came and went.

Wahb ibn Munabbih said: A disciple of Jesus, peace be upon him, came to the city of the Companions of the Cave and wished to enter it. But he was told, “There is an idol at its gate; no one enters the city without prostrating to it.” He disliked entering it, so he went to a bathhouse near the city. He hired himself out to its keeper and worked there. The owner of the bathhouse saw blessings in his bathhouse, and some young men of the city became attached to him. He began teaching them about heaven and earth and about the Hereafter, until they believed in him and affirmed his truthfulness.

He had stipulated to the bathhouse owner that the night was to be his alone: no one was to come between him and it, nor between him and his prayer. This continued until the king’s son came with a woman and entered the bathhouse with her. The disciple reproached him, saying, “You are the king’s son, and yet you enter with this woman?” The prince was ashamed and left, but then returned another time. The disciple said the same to him, so the prince insulted and rebuked him, paying no heed to what he said, until the two entered together and died in the bathhouse.

The king came and was told, “The bathhouse attendant has killed your son.” He was sought, but they could not seize him, and he fled. (3) The king asked, “Who used to accompany him?” They named the young men, and they too were sought. So they left the city and passed by a companion of theirs who shared their faith. He set out with them, accompanied by a dog, until nightfall brought them to the cave. They entered it (4) and said, “[Let us remain here until nightfall;] (5) then, Allah willing, we shall rise in the morning and decide what to do.” Thereupon Allah sealed their ears in sleep.

The king set out with his men in search of them, until they found them. They entered the cave, but when one of them tried to go in, he was terrified; no one was able to enter it. One of them said, “Had you been able to seize them, would you not have killed them?” He replied, “Yes.” The man said, “Then build up the entrance to the cave over them and leave them there to die of hunger and thirst.” So he did.

Wahb said: “[Then time after time passed] (6) after the entrance of the cave had been sealed over them. Then a shepherd was caught by rain near the cave and said, ‘If I were to open this cave and bring my sheep inside to shelter from the rain, that would be good.’ He continued working at it until it was opened, and on the following morning, when they awoke, Allah restored their souls to them.”

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) Omitted in manuscript A. (4) Omitted in manuscript A. (5) In manuscript B: “We will spend the night here.” (6) Omitted in manuscript A.
بِصَاحِبِهِ (١) ثُمَّ يُفْشِي وَاحِدٍ سِرَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَفَعَلُوا فَإِذَا هُمْ جَمِيعًا عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ وَإِذَا كَهْفٌ فِي الْجَبَلِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ يَنْشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ، فَدَخَلُوا الْكَهْفَ وَمَعَهُمْ كَلْبُ صَيْدِهِمْ فَنَامُوا ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ سِنِينَ وَازْدَادُوا تِسْعًا وَفَقَدَهُمْ قَوْمُهُمْ فَطَلَبُوهُمْ فَعَمَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ آثَارَهُمْ وَكَهْفَهُمْ فَكَتَبُوا أَسْمَاءَهُمْ وَأَنْسَابَهُمْ فِي لَوْحٍ: فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ أَبْنَاءُ مُلُوكِنَا فَقَدْنَاهُمْ فِي شَهْرِ كَذَا فِي سَنَةِ كَذَا فِي مَمْلَكَةِ فُلَانِ بن فُلَانٍ وَوَضَعُوا اللَّوْحَ (٢) فِي خِزَانَةِ الْمَلِكِ وَقَالُوا: لَيَكُونَنَّ لِهَذَا شَأْنٌ وَمَاتَ ذَلِكَ الْمَلِكُ وَجَاءَ قَرْنٌ بَعْدَ قَرْنٍ. وَقَالَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ: جَاءَ حَوَارِيُّ عِيسَى ﵇ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ أَصْحَابِ الْكَهْفِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ عَلَى بَابِهَا صَنَمًا لَا يَدْخُلُهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا سَجَدَ لَهُ فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا فَأَتَى حَمَّامًا قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَانَ يُؤَاجِرُ نَفْسَهُ مِنَ الْحَمَّامِيِّ وَيَعْمَلُ فِيهِ وَرَأَى صَاحِبُ الْحَمَّامِ فِي حَمَّامِهِ الْبَرَكَةَ وَعَلِقَهُ فِتْيَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَجَعَلَ يُخْبِرُهُمْ خَبَرَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَخَبَرَ الْآخِرَةِ حَتَّى آمَنُوا وَصَدَّقُوهُ وَكَانَ شَرَطَ عَلَى صَاحِبِ الْحَمَّامِ أَنَّ اللَّيْلَ لِي لَا يَحُولُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ وَلَا بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ أَحَدٌ وَكَانَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى أَتَى ابْنُ الْمَلِكِ بِامْرَأَةٍ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا الْحَمَّامَ فَعَيَّرَهُ الْحَوَارِيُّ وَقَالَ: أَنْتَ ابْنُ الْمَلِكِ وَتَدْخُلُ مَعَ هَذِهِ؟ فَاسْتَحْيَا وَذَهَبَ فَرَجَعَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَسَبَّهُ وَانْتَهَرَهُ وَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى دَخَلَا مَعًا فَمَاتَا فِي الْحَمَّامِ وَأَتَى الْمَلِكُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَتَلَ صَاحِبُ الْحَمَّامِ ابْنَكَ فَالْتُمِسَ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ وَهَرَبَ (٣) فَقَالَ: مَنْ كَانَ يَصْحَبُهُ؟ فَسَمَّوُا الْفِتْيَةَ فَالْتُمِسُوا فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَمَرُّوا بِصَاحِبٍ لَهُمْ عَلَى مَثَلِ إِيمَانِهِمْ فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُمْ وَمَعَهُ كَلْبٌ حَتَّى آوَاهُمُ اللَّيْلُ إِلَى الْكَهْفِ فَدَخَلُوهُ (٤) وَقَالُوا: [نَلْبَثُ هَاهُنَا إِلَى اللَّيْلِ] (٥) ثُمَّ نُصْبِحُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَتَرَوْنَ رَأْيَكُمْ فَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَى آذَانِهِمْ فَخَرَجَ الْمَلِكُ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ يَبْتَغُونَهُمْ حَتَّى وَجَدُوهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا الْكَهْفَ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ دُخُولَهُ أُرْعِبَ فَلَمْ يُطِقْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهُ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: أَلَيْسَ لَوْ قَدَرْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَتَلْتَهُمْ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى قَالَ: فَابْنِ عَلَيْهِمْ بَابَ الْكَهْفِ [وَاتْرُكْهُمْ فِيهِ يَمُوتُونَ جُوعًا وَعَطَشًا فَفَعَلَ. قَالَ وَهْبٌ: فَعَبَرَ زَمَانٌ بَعْدَ زَمَانٍ] (٦) بَعْدَمَا سُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بَابُ الْكَهْفِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَاعِيًا أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَطَرُ عِنْدَ الْكَهْفِ فَقَالَ لَوْ فَتَحْتُ هَذَا الْكَهْفَ وَأَدْخَلْتُ غَنَمِي فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَطَرِ لَكَانَ حَسَنًا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُعَالِجُهُ حَتَّى فُتِحَ وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ حِينَ أَصْبَحُوا.
(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) زيادة من "ب". (٣) ساقط من "أ". (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) في "ب": نبيت هنا الليلة. (٦) ساقط من "أ".

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