Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/137)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to the udder; nor will dust raised in the cause of Allah and the smoke of Hell ever come together in a Muslim’s nostrils.” (1)

Abu al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri informed us; Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Khaliq ibn Ali ibn Abd al-Khaliq al-Mu'adhdhin informed us; Ahmad ibn Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hamdan informed us; Muhammad ibn Yunus al-Kudaymi narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Bahili informed us; Abu Habib al-Ghanawi narrated to us; Bahz ibn Hakim narrated to us from his father, from his grandfather, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “The Fire has been forbidden to three eyes: an eye that weeps out of fear of Allah, an eye that stays awake in the cause of Allah, and an eye that lowers its gaze from what Allah has forbidden.” (2)

“Say: ‘Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful: whichever name you call, to Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. Do not be too loud in your prayer, nor too quiet, but seek a middle way.’” (110)

His saying, exalted is He, “Say: ‘Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful’”: Ibn Abbas said: One night in Mecca, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, prostrated and began to weep, saying in his prostration, “O Allah, O Most Merciful.” Abu Jahl then said, “Muhammad forbids us from worshipping our gods, yet he calls upon two deities!” So Allah, Most High, revealed this verse. (3) Its meaning is that these are two names of One.

“Whichever name you call”: the word ma is supplementary; its meaning is: whichever of these two names—or any of His names—you call upon, to Him belong the Most Beautiful Names.

“And do not be too loud in your prayer, nor too quiet”: Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim informed us; Hushaym narrated to us; Abu Bishr narrated to us from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, regarding His saying, exalted is He, “And do not be too loud in your prayer, nor too quiet.” He said: This was revealed while the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was concealing himself in Mecca. Whenever he led his Companions in prayer, he would raise his voice in reciting the Quran. When the idolaters heard it, they would revile the Quran, the One who had sent it down, and the one who had brought it. So Allah, Most High, said to His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “And do not be too loud in your prayer”—that is, in your recitation, lest the idolaters hear it and revile the Quran—“nor too quiet,” away from your Companions, so that they cannot hear it—

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Fada'il al-Jihad, chapter on the virtue of dust in Allah's path, 5:260-261; he said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” It was also reported by al-Nasa'i in al-Jihad, chapter on the virtue of one who works in Allah's path, 6:12; authenticated by al-Hakim, 4:260; and by Ibn Hibban, no. 1598, p. 385 of Mawarid al-Zam'an. It was also reported by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:505, and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:364. (2) Reported by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:365. Its chain includes al-Kudaymi, who is weak. A supporting report from Abu Rayhana was recorded by al-Hakim, 2:83. Al-Haythami said in Majma' al-Zawa'id, 5:287: “It was narrated by Ahmad and al-Tabarani in al-Kabir and al-Awsat, and Ahmad's narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Nasa'i narrated part of it. It was also narrated by Abu Nu'aym in al-Hilyah, 5:206, and Ibn Abi Shaybah in al-Musannaf, 5:350. (3) Reported by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 15:182. See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 341; al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:348; and al-Qurtubi, 10:342.

اللَّبَنُ فِي الضَّرْعِ وَلَا يَجْتَمِعُ غُبَارٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَدُخَانُ جَهَنَّمَ فِي مَنْخَرَيْ مُسْلِمٍ أَبَدًا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ الْكُدَيْمِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَبِيبٍ الْغَنَوِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا بَهْزُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "حُرِّمَتِ النَّارُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ أَعْيُنٍ: عَيْنٌ بَكَتْ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ وَعَيْنٌ سَهِرَتْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَعَيْنٌ غَضَّتْ عَنْ مَحَارِمِ اللَّهِ" (٢) . ﴿قُلِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَنَ أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا (١١٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿قُلِ ادْعُوا اللَّهَ أَوِ ادْعُوا الرَّحْمَنَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ فِي سُجُودِهِ: يَا أللَّهُ يَا رَحْمَنُ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَنْهَانَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا وَهُوَ يَدْعُو إِلَهَيْنِ! فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) . وَمَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّهُمَا اسْمَانِ لِوَاحِدٍ. ﴿أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا﴾ "مَا" صِلَةٌ مَعْنَاهُ: أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا مِنْ هَذَيْنِ الِاسْمَيْنِ وَمِنْ جَمِيعِ أَسْمَائِهِ ﴿فَلَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا﴾ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُخْتَفٍ بِمَكَّةَ كَانَ إِذَا صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ فَإِذَا سَمِعَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ سَبُّوا الْقُرْآنَ وَمَنْ أَنْزَلَهُ وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: ﴿وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ﴾ أَيْ بِقِرَاءَتِكَ فَيَسْمَعَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَيَسُبُّوا الْقُرْآنَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ فَلَا تُسْمِعَهُمْ:

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في فضائل الجهاد باب ما جاء في فضل الغبار في سبيل الله: ٥ / ٢٦٠-٢٦١، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح" وأخرجه النسائي في الجهاد باب فضل من عمل في سبيل الله: ٦ / ١٢، وصححه الحاكم: ٤ / ٢٦٠، وابن حبان برقم (١٥٩٨) ص (٣٨٥) من موارد الظمآن. والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٥٠٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٦٤. (٢) أخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٦٥، وفيه الكديمي،، وهو ضعيف، وفي الباب عن أبي ريحانة أخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٨٣، وقال الهيثمي في المجمع: (٥ / ٢٨٧) : رواه أحمد والطبراني في الكبير والأوسط ورجال أحمد ثقات، وروى النسائي طرفا منه ورواه أبو نعيم في الحلية: ٥ / ٢٠٦، وابن أبي شيبة في المصنف: ٥ / ٣٥٠. (٣) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ١٥ / ١٨٢، وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٤١) الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٣٤٨، القرطبي: ١٠ / ٣٤٢.