Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/136)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

twenty-three years. “And We have sent it down progressively.”

“Say: Believe in it or do not believe. Indeed, those who were given knowledge before it, when it is recited to them, fall upon their faces in prostration, (107) and say, ‘Glory be to our Lord! Surely the promise of our Lord has come to pass.’ (108) And they fall upon their faces, weeping, and it increases them in humility.” (109)

“Say: Believe in it or do not believe”: this is by way of warning and threat. “Indeed, those who were given knowledge before it”: it was said that they are the believing People of the Book—those who had been seeking the true religion before the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was sent, and who embraced Islam after his mission—such as Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl, Salman al-Farisi, Abu Dharr, and others. (1)

“When it is recited to them,” meaning the Quran, (2) “they fall upon their faces”: that is, they fall upon their chins. Ibn Abbas said: What is meant by this is their faces. “In prostration. And they say, ‘Glory be to our Lord! Surely the promise of our Lord has come to pass’”: that is, it is certain and fulfilled. “And they fall upon their faces, weeping”: that is, they fall upon their faces weeping. Weeping when reciting the Quran is recommended. (3) “And it increases them”—that is, the descent of the Quran—“in humility”: in submission to their Lord. Its parallel is His saying, exalted is He: “When the verses of the Most Merciful were recited to them, they fell in prostration and weeping.” (Maryam 58)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Amr ibn Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Muzani informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Junayd narrated to us; al-Hasan ibn al-Fadl al-Bajali informed us; Asim informed us, from Ali ibn Asim, who narrated to us from al-Masudi—who was Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah—from Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman, the client of Abu Talhah, (4) from Isa ibn Talhah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “No one who weeps out of fear of Allah will enter the Fire until milk returns”

(1) See al-Tabari, 15:181; Zad al-Masir, 5:97. (2) This is because the context concerns the Noble Quran, and no other scriptures have been mentioned; thus, the statement is understood to refer to it. This refutes the view of those who hold that it means what was sent down to the People of the Book from Allah. See al-Tabari, 15:181; Zad al-Masir, 5:97. (3) Numerous hadiths and reports from the early generations have been transmitted concerning this. Among them is the Prophet's statement, peace and blessings be upon him: “Recite the Quran and weep; if you cannot weep, then make yourselves weep.” (Reported by Ibn Majah, no. 4196, in the section on asceticism; its chain is weak.) It is also reported from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, that he led the people in the dawn prayer and recited Surah Yusuf, weeping until his tears flowed down to his collarbone. Another narration states that this occurred during the Isha prayer, indicating that he repeated it. Abu Raja said: “I saw Ibn Abbas with marks beneath his eyes like worn sandal straps”—that is, the thin leather straps of a sandal over the top of the foot—caused by tears. See al-Nawawi, Al-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalat al-Quran, pp. 68–69; see also al-Qurtubi, 10:342. (4) In manuscript B: “the client of Talha.” In Sharh al-Sunnah: “the client of the family of Talha.”

ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً ﴿وَنَزَّلْنَاهُ تَنْزِيلًا﴾ ﴿قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوا إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا (١٠٧) وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِنْ كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولًا (١٠٨) وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا (١٠٩) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوا﴾ هَذَا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْوَعِيدِ وَالتَّهْدِيدِ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ﴾ قيل: هم مؤمنوا أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَطْلُبُونَ الدِّينَ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمُوا بَعْدَ مَبْعَثِهِ مِثْلُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عمر بن نفيل ٢١٤/ب وَسَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَغَيْرِهِمْ (١) . ﴿إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ (٢) ﴿يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ﴾ أَيْ: يَسْقُطُونَ عَلَى الْأَذْقَانِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَرَادَ بِهَا الْوُجُوهَ ﴿سُجَّدًا﴾ ﴿وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِنْ كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولًا﴾ أَيْ: كَائِنًا وَاقِعًا. ﴿وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ﴾ أَيْ: يَقَعُونَ عَلَى الْوُجُوهِ يَبْكُونَ، الْبُكَاءُ مُسْتَحَبٌّ عِنْدَ قِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ (٣) ﴿وَيَزِيدُهُمْ﴾ نُزُولُ الْقُرْآنِ ﴿خُشُوعًا﴾ خُضُوعًا لِرَبِّهِمْ. نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُ الرَّحْمَنِ خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا" (مَرْيَمُ-٥٨) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجُنَيْدُ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبَجَلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمٌ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ هُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَوْلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ (٤) عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يَلِجُ النَّارَ مَنْ بَكَى مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ

(١) انظر: الطبري: ١٥ / ١٨١، زاد المسير: ٥ / ٩٧. (٢) وذلك لأن سياق الكلام عن القرآن الكريم ولم يجر لغيره من الكتب ذكر فيصرف الكلام إليه وهذا يرد قول من قال المراد به: ما أنزل إلى أهل الكتاب من عبد الله. راجع: الطبري: ١٥ / ١٨١، زاد المسير: ٥ / ٩٧. (٣) وقد وردت فيه أحاديث وآثار عن السلف كثيرة فمن ذلك عن النبي ﷺ "اقرءوا القرآن وابكوا فإن لم تبكوا فتباكوا" (رواه ابن ماجه برقم (٤١٩٦) في الزهد وإسناده ضعيف) . وعن عمر بن الخطاب ﵁ أنه صلى بالجماعة الصبح فقرأ سورة يوسف فبكى حتى سالت دموعه على ترقوته وفي رواية: أنه كان في صلاة العشاء فيدل على تكريره منه. وعن أبي رجاء قال: رأيت ابن عباس وتحت عينيه مثل الشراك البالي (وهو السير الرقيق الذي يكون في التعل على ظهر القدم) من الدموع. انظر: التبيان في آداب حملة القرآن للنووي ص (٦٨-٦٩) وراجع القرطبي: ١٠ / ٣٤٢. (٤) في "ب": مولى طلحة. وفي شرح السنة: مولى آل طلحة.