Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/120)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It has also been narrated from Abdullah ibn Umar that he said: “On the Day of Resurrection, the sun will draw so near that sweat will reach halfway up the ears. While they are in that state, they will appeal to Adam, then to Moses, then to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He will intercede so that judgment may be rendered among all creation, then he will walk until he takes hold of the ring of the gate. On that day, Allah will raise him to a praised station, for which all those gathered will praise him.” (1)

The Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (2) ibn Mamawayh informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Hamawayh narrated to us; Sa'id ibn Sulayman narrated to us; Mansur ibn Abi al-Aswad narrated to us; al-Layth narrated to us from al-Rabi' ibn Anas, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I will be the first of them to emerge when they are resurrected, their leader when they arrive, their spokesman when they listen, their intercessor when they are detained, and the bearer of glad tidings to them when they despair. On that day, honor and the keys will be in my hand, and I will be the most honored of Adam’s descendants in the sight of my Lord. A thousand servants will attend me, as though they were well-guarded eggs or scattered pearls.” (5)

Isma'il ibn Abd al-Qahir informed us; Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan narrated to us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj narrated to me; al-Hakam ibn Musa narrated to us; Ma'qil ibn Ziyad narrated to us from al-Awza'i; Abu Ammar narrated to me; Abdullah ibn Farrukh narrated to me; Abu Hurayrah narrated to me, saying: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “I am the master of Adam’s descendants on the Day of Resurrection, the first whose grave will be opened, the first intercessor, and the first whose intercession will be accepted.” (6)

The reports concerning intercession are numerous. The first to deny it was Amr ibn Ubayd, and he is an innovator by the consensus of Ahl al-Sunnah. (7)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in suspended form in the Book of Zakat, in the chapter “Whoever asks people in order to increase his wealth,” 3:338. It was narrated with a connected chain by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 15:146; by al-Bazzar; by al-Tabarani in al-Awsat; and by Ibn Mandah in al-Iman, 30:833. Ibn Mandah said: “This chain is sound according to al-Bukhari’s criteria.” See also Fath al-Bari, 3:339; al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:325. (2) The material within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (3) The material within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (4) The material within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (5) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Virtues, in the chapter on the virtue of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 10:79. He said: “This is a hasan gharib hadith (fair and singular).” Some copies read: “gharib (singular).” It was also narrated by al-Darimi in the Introduction, in the chapter on the special merits granted to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 1:26-27; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:203-204, who said: “This is a gharib hadith (singular),” and its chain includes Layth ibn Abi Sulaym, who is weak. See Mishkat al-Masabih, 3:1605. (6) Narrated by Muslim in the Book of Virtues, in the chapter on the superiority of our Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, over all created beings, no. 2278, 4:1782; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:203-204. (7) For the Kharijites’ argument for denying intercession for those guilty of sins, their specious argument, and its refutation, see Majmu' Fatawa Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, 1:116, 146-149; and al-Qurtubi, 10:310.

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: "إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ تَدْنُو يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْعَرَقُ نِصْفَ الْأُذُنِ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ اسْتَغَاثُوا بِآدَمَ ثُمَّ بِمُوسَى ثُمَّ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ [فَيَشْفَعُ لِيُقْضَى بَيْنَ الْخَلْقِ فَيَمْشِي حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ بِحَلْقَةِ الْبَابِ فَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَبْعَثُهُ اللَّهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا يَحْمَدُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَمْعِ كُلُّهُمْ" (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ] (٢) بْنِ مَامَوَيْهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَوَيْهِ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "أَنَا أَوَّلُهُمْ خُرُوجًا [إِذَا بُعِثُوا] (٣) وَأَنَا قَائِدُهُمْ إِذَا وَفَدُوا وَأَنَا خَطِيبُهُمْ إِذَا أَنْصَتُوا وَأَنَا شَفِيعُهُمْ إِذَا حُبِسُوا [وَأَنَا مُبَشِّرُهُمْ إِذَا أَيِسُوا] (٤) الْكَرَامَةُ وَالْمَفَاتِيحُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِيَدِي وَلِوَاءُ الْحَمْدِ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِيَدِي وَأَنَا أَكْرَمُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ عَلَى رَبِّي يَطُوفُ عَلِيَّ أَلْفُ خَادِمٍ كَأَنَّهُمْ بِيضٌ مَكْنُونٌ أَوْ لُؤْلُؤٌ مَنْثُورٌ" (٥) . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَافِرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى حَدَّثَنَا مَعْقِلُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَمَّارٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَنَا سَيِّدُ وَلَدِ آدَمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ يَنْشَقُّ عَنْهُ الْقَبْرُ وَأَوَّلُ شَافِعٍ وَأَوَّلُ مُشَفَّعٍ" (٦) وَالْأَخْبَارُ فِي الشَّفَاعَةِ كَثِيرَةٌ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أَنْكَرَهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَهُوَ مُبْتَدِعٌ بِاتِّفَاقِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ (٧) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري تعليقا في الزكاة باب من سأل الناس تكثرا: ٣ / ٣٣٨، ورواه موصولا: الطبري في التفسير: ١٥ / ١٤٦ والبزار والطبراني في "الأوسط" وابن منده في "الإيمان" ٣٠ / ٨٣٣ وقال: "هذا إسناد ثابت على رسم البخاري". وانظر: فتح الباري: ٣ / ٣٣٩، الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٣٢٥. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٤) ما بين القوسين ساقط "أ". (٥) أخرجه الترمذي في المناقب باب ما جاء في فضل النبي ﷺ: ١٠ / ٧٩، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن غريب" وفي بعض النسخ: "غريب" وأخرجه الدارمي في المقدمة باب ما أعطي النبي ﷺ من الفضل: ١ / ٢٦-٢٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٠٣-٢٠٤، وقال: "هذا حديث غريب" وفيه الليث بن أبي سليم وهو ضعيف. وانظر: مشكاة المصابيح: ٣ / ١٦٠٥. (٦) أخرجه مسلم في الفضائل: باب تفضيل نبينا محمد ﷺ على جميع الخلائق برقم (٢٢٧٨) : ٤ / ١٧٨٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٠٣-٢٠٤. (٧) انظر احتجاج الخوارج على نفي الشفاعة لأهل الذنوب، وشبهتهم، والرد عليهم في: مجموع فتاوى شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية: ١ / ١١٦، ١٤٦-١٤٩، القرطبي: ١٠ / ٣١٠.