Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/118)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; Abd al-Rahim (1) ibn Munib informed us; Yaʿla informed us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Every prophet has a supplication that is answered, and I have reserved my supplication as an intercession for my ummah. If Allah wills, it will reach whoever among you dies without associating anything with Allah.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil related to us, who said: Hajjaj ibn Minhal said: Hammam ibn Yahya related to us; Qatadah related to us, from Anas, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “The believers will be detained on the Day of Resurrection until this causes them distress, and they will say, ‘If only we could seek our Lord’s intercession, so that He may relieve us from our place.’ They will then come to Adam and say, ‘You are Adam, the father of mankind. Allah created you with His Hand, settled you in His Paradise, commanded His angels to prostrate to you, and taught you the names of all things. Intercede for us with your Lord, that He may relieve us from this place of ours.’ He will say, ‘I am not fit for this,’ and will mention the sin he committed—his eating from the tree from which he had been forbidden. ‘Rather, go to Noah, the first prophet whom Allah sent to the people of the earth.’

“They will come to Noah, and he will say, ‘I am not fit for this,’ and will mention the sin he committed: his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge. ‘Rather, go to Abraham, the intimate friend of the Most Merciful.’ They will come to Abraham, and he will say, ‘I am not fit for this,’ and will mention the three untruthful statements he made. ‘Rather, go to Moses, a servant to whom Allah gave the Torah, spoke, and drew near in intimate discourse.’

“He said: They will come to Moses, and he will say, ‘I am not fit for this,’ and will mention the sin he committed in killing a soul (3). ‘Rather, go to Jesus, Allah’s servant and messenger, His spirit and His word.’

“They will come to Jesus, and he will say, ‘I am not fit for this’ 212/b, ‘but go to Muhammad, a servant whose former and latter sins Allah has forgiven.’

“He said: They will come to me, and I will seek permission to enter upon my Lord in His abode (4), and permission will be granted to me. When I see Him, I will fall in prostration, and He will leave me thus for as long as Allah wills to leave me. Then He will say: ‘Raise your head, Muhammad. Speak, and you will be heard; intercede, and your intercession will be accepted; ask, and you will be given.’ He said: I will raise my head and praise my Lord with praises and glorification that He will teach me. Then I will intercede, and He will specify for me a number. I will go out, bring them forth, and admit them into Paradise.”

(1) In manuscript A: Abd al-Rahman. The established reading is found in manuscript B and in Sharh al-Sunnah. (2) Narrated by Muslim in the Book of Faith, in the chapter on the Prophet's reserving the supplication of intercession for his community, no. 199, 1:189; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:6. (3) In manuscript B: “The Copt killed him.” (4) Al-Khattabi said in A'lam al-Hadith, 4:1257: “His statement, ‘in His abode,’ may suggest a place, just as the earlier expression in the preceding account does, namely: ‘while He is in His place.’ The meaning of his statement, ‘I will seek permission to enter upon my Lord in His abode, and He will grant me permission to enter upon Him,’ is: in His abode, whose dwellings are for His allies, namely Paradise, as in Allah’s saying: ‘Allah calls to the Abode of Peace’ [Quran 10:25]. Likewise, when they say ‘the House of Allah’ and ‘the sanctuary of Allah,’ they mean the House of Allah, which He made a place of return for the people, and the sanctuary, which He made secure for them ...” See also Fath al-Bari, 13:428; and Umdat al-Qari, 24:132.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ (١) بْنُ مُنِيبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ دَعْوَةً مُسْتَجَابَةً وَإِنِّي اخْتَبَأْتُ دَعْوَتِي شَفَاعَةً لِأُمَّتِي وَهِيَ نَائِلَةٌ مِنْكُمْ -إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ-مَنْ مَاتَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: وَقَالَ حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامُ بْنُ يَحْيَى حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يُحْبَسُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حَتَّى يَهْتَمُّوا بِذَلِكَ فَيَقُولُونَ: لَوِ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا إِلَى رَبِّنَا فَيُرِيحُنَا مِنْ مَكَانِنَا فَيَأْتُونَ آدَمَ فَيَقُولُونَ: أَنْتَ آدَمُ أَبُو النَّاسِ خَلَقَكَ اللَّهُ بِيَدِهِ وَأَسْكَنَكَ جَنَّتَهُ وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَعَلَّمَكَ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ اشْفَعْ لَنَا عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ حَتَّى يُرِيحَنَا مِنْ مَكَانِنَا هَذَا فَيَقُولُ: لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ خَطِيئَتَهُ الَّتِي أَصَابَ وَأَكْلَهُ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ وَقَدْ نُهِيَ عَنْهَا وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا نُوحًا أَوَّلَ نَبِيٍّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ. فَيَأْتُونَ نُوحًا فَيَقُولُ: لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ خَطِيئَتَهُ الَّتِي أَصَابَ سُؤَالَهُ رَبَّهُ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلَ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ فَيَأْتُونَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ ثَلَاثَ كَذِبَاتٍ كَذَبَهُنَّ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا مُوسَى عَبْدًا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ التَّوْرَاةَ وَكَلَّمَهُ وَقَرَّبَهُ نَجِيًّا. قَالَ: فَيَأْتُونَ مُوسَى فَيَقُولُ إِنِّي لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ خَطِيئَتَهُ الَّتِي أَصَابَ بِقَتْلِ النَّفْسِ (٣) وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا عِيسَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولَهُ وَرُوحَ اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتَهُ. فَيَأْتُونَ عِيسَى فَيَقُولُ: لست هناكم ٢١٢/ب وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدًا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ. قَالَ: فَيَأْتُونِي فَأَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى رَبِّي فِي دَارِهِ (٤) فَيُؤْذَنُ لِي عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَقَعْتُ سَاجِدًا فَيَدَعُنِي مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَدَعَنِي ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَقُلْ تُسْمَعْ وَاشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ وَسَلْ تُعْطَهُ قَالَ: فَأَرْفَعُ رَأْسِي فَأُثْنِي عَلَى رَبِّي بِثَنَاءٍ وَتَحْمِيدٍ يُعَلِّمُنِيهِ ثُمَّ أَشْفَعُ فَيَحُدَّ لِي حَدًّا فَأَخْرُجُ فأخرجهم فَأُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ.

(١) في "أ": عبد الرحمن. والمثبت في "ب" ومن "شرح السنة". (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان باب اختباء النبي ﷺ دعوة الشفاعة لأمته برقم (١٩٩) : ١ / ١٨٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٦. (٣) في "ب": قتله القبطي. (٤) قال الخطابي في "أعلام الحديث": (٤ / ١٢٥٧) : "وقوله: (في داره) يوهم مكانا، كاللفظة الأولى في القصة المتقدمة، وهي قوله: "وهو مكانه". ومعنى قوله: "فأستأذن على ربي في داره فيؤذن لي عليه" أي: في داره التي دورها لأوليائه وهي الجنة كقوله ﷿: "والله يدعو إلى دار السلام" (يونس-٢٥) وكما يقال: بيت الله وحرم الله يريدون بيت الله الذي جعله مثابة للناس والحرم الذي جعله أمنا لهم ... ". وانظر: فتح الباري ١٣ / ٤٢٨، وعمدة القاري: ٢٤ / ١٣٢.