Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/84)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Whoever desires the immediate life, We hasten for him therein whatever We will, for whomever We will. Then We assign him Hell, which he will enter condemned and banished. (18)

“But whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it as it should be striven for, while being a believer—such are those whose striving will be appreciated. (19)

“To each We extend—these and those—from the bounty of your Lord; and the bounty of your Lord is not withheld. (20)”

His saying, “How many generations We have destroyed,” means the disbelieving generations, “after Noah”—warning the disbelievers of Mecca—“and sufficient is your Lord as One fully aware of and seeing the sins of His servants.” Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa said: “A generation is one hundred and twenty years. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was sent in the first generation, and Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah was at its end.”

It was also said: one hundred years. It is related from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, from Abdullah ibn Busr al-Mazini, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, placed his hand on his head and said: “This boy will live for a generation.” (1) Muhammad ibn al-Qasim said: “We continued counting his years until he completed one hundred years, after which he died.”

Al-Kalbi said: eighty years. It was also said: forty years. “Whoever desires the immediate life,” meaning this world—that is, the present abode—“We hasten for him therein whatever We will,” whether abundance or restriction, “for whomever We will”: whomever We will to do that to, or to destroy. “Then We assign him,” in the Hereafter, “Hell, which he will enter,” that is, he will enter its Fire, “condemned and banished”: driven away and cast far off.

“But whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it as it should be striven for,” meaning, he performs the deeds required for it, “while being a believer—such are those whose striving will be appreciated,” meaning accepted. “To each We extend—these and those,” that is, We provide for both groups: those who desire this world and those who desire the Hereafter, “from the bounty of your Lord,” meaning that He provides for them both, though their ultimate conditions will differ. “And the bounty of your Lord,” the provision of your Lord, “is not withheld,” meaning, it is not denied to His servants. What is meant by this bounty is the bounty of this world; otherwise, the disbelievers will have no share in the Hereafter.

(1) Reported by Ibn Jarir, 15/58; mentioned by al-Bukhari in al-Tarikh al-Saghir, p. 39; and reported by Abu Nu'aym in Ma'rifat al-Sahabah, as cited in al-Tahdhib, 5/139.

﴿مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَاهَا مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا (١٨) وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا (١٩) كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ مَحْظُورًا (٢٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ﴾ أَيِ: الْمُكَذِّبَةِ ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ﴾ يُخَوِّفُ كُفَّارَ مَكَّةَ ﴿وَكَفَى بِرَبِّكَ بِذُنُوبِ عِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا﴾ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أَوْفَى: الْقَرْنُ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً فَبُعِثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَوَّلِ قَرْنٍ وَكَانَ فِي آخِرِهِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَقِيلَ: مِائَةُ سَنَةٍ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُسْرٍ الْمَازِنِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَقَالَ: "سَيَعِيشُ هَذَا الْغُلَامُ قَرْنًا" (١) قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ فَمَا زِلْنَا نَعُدُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَمَّ لَهُ مِائَةُ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: ثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً. ﴿مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْعَاجِلَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي الدُّنْيَا أَيِ: الدَّارَ الْعَاجِلَةَ، ﴿عَجَّلْنَا لَهُ فِيهَا مَا نَشَاءُ﴾ مِنَ الْبَسْطِ وَالتَّقْتِيرِ ﴿لِمَنْ نُرِيدُ﴾ أَنْ نَفْعَلَ بِهِ ذَلِكَ أَوْ إِهْلَاكَهُ ﴿ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ﴾ فِي الْآخِرَةِ ﴿جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَاهَا﴾ يَدْخُلُ نَارَهَا ﴿مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا﴾ مَطْرُودًا مُبْعَدًا. ﴿وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْآخِرَةَ وَسَعَى لَهَا سَعْيَهَا﴾ عَمِلَ عَمَلَهَا، ﴿وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ كَانَ سَعْيُهُمْ مَشْكُورًا﴾ مَقْبُولًا. ﴿كُلًّا نُمِدُّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ﴾ أَيْ: نُمِدُّ كِلَا الْفَرِيقَيْنِ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيَا وَمَنْ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ، ﴿مِنْ عَطَاءِ رَبِّكَ﴾ أَيْ: يَرْزُقُهُمَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ يَخْتَلِفُ بِهِمَا الْحَالُ فِي الْمَآلِ ﴿وَمَا كَانَ عَطَاءُ رَبِّكَ﴾ رِزْقُ رَبِّكَ ﴿مَحْظُورًا﴾ مَمْنُوعًا عَنْ عِبَادِهِ فَالْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْعَطَاءِ: الْعَطَاءُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِلَّا فَلَا حَظَّ لِلْكُفَّارِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ.

(١) أخرجه ابن جرير: ١٥ / ٥٨، وذكره البخاري في التاريخ الصغير ص (٣٩) وأخرجه أبو نعيم في معرفة الصحابة كما في التهذيب: ٥ / ١٣٩.