Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/62)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Thabit narrated from Anas: “Then I saw Abraham reclining with his back against al-Bayt al-Ma'mur. Seventy thousand angels enter it each day and never return to it. Then I was taken to the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary. Its fruit was like the large jars of Hajar, and its leaves like the ears of elephants.” He said: “When it was enveloped by that which Allah commanded to envelop it, it changed; and no creature of Allah is able to describe it because of its beauty. At its base were four rivers: two hidden rivers and two visible rivers. I said, ‘What are these two, O Gabriel?’ He replied, ‘As for the hidden ones, they are two rivers in Paradise; and as for the visible ones, they are the Nile and the Euphrates.’”

“And He revealed to me what He revealed, and prescribed for me fifty prayers each day and night. Then I descended to Moses, and he asked, ‘What has your Lord prescribed for your community?’ I replied, ‘Fifty prayers.’ He said, ‘Return to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it, for your community will not be able to bear that. I have tested the Children of Israel and come to know them.’” He said: “So I returned to my Lord and said, ‘My Lord, lighten it for my community.’ So He reduced five from me. I returned to Moses and said, ‘He has reduced five from me.’ Moses said, ‘Your community will not be able to bear that, so return to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it.’

“I continued going back and forth between my Lord and Moses until He said, ‘O Muhammad, they are five prayers each day and night; each prayer is worth ten. They are five, yet they are fifty. My word is not changed. Whoever intends a good deed but does not perform it will have one good deed recorded for him; if he performs it, ten will be recorded for him. Whoever intends an evil deed but does not perform it will have nothing recorded against him; but if he performs it, one evil deed will be recorded against him.’

“I then descended until I came to Moses and informed him. He said, ‘Return to your Lord and ask Him to lighten it for your community.’ I replied, ‘I have asked my Lord until I have become too ashamed to ask further; yet I am content and submit.’” He said: “When I had passed on, a caller proclaimed, ‘I have confirmed My obligation and lightened it for My servants.’ Then I was admitted into Paradise, where I saw domes of pearl ⦗204/b⦘ and its soil was musk.”

Ibn Shihab said: Ibn Hazm (2) informed me that Ibn Abbas and Abu Habbah al-Ansari used to say that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Then I was taken up until I reached a level at which the scratching of pens could be heard.” (3)

Ibn Hazm and Anas said that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Allah prescribed fifty prayers for my community.” (4)

(1) Domes of pearl. Janabidh is the plural of janbadhah, meaning a dome. Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:347. (2) He is Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm. His narration from Abu Habbah al-Ansari is disconnected, since Abu Habbah was martyred at Uhud long before Abu Bakr was born. Fath al-Bari, 1:462. (3) That is, what the angels write of Allah's decrees and copy from the Preserved Tablet. Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:348. (4) This hadith, in the versions and chains transmitted by the author, was recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Salah, chapter: “How Prayer Was Prescribed During the Isra,” 1:458-459; in Kitab Bad' al-Khalq, chapter: “Mention of the Angels,” 6:302-303; and in Kitab Manaqib al-Ansar, chapter: “The Miraj,” 7:201-202, as well as elsewhere. It was also recorded by Muslim in Kitab al-Iman, chapter: “The Isra,” nos. 162-164, 1:145-151; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:336-341, 343-344, 345-347.

وَقَالَ ثَابِتٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: فَإِذَا أَنَا بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ ذُهِبَ بِي إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى فَإِذَا نَبِقُهَا مِثْلُ قِلَالِ هَجَرَ، وَإِذَا وَرَقُهَا مِثْلُ آذَانِ الْفِيَلَةِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهَا مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ مَا غَشَّى تَغَيَّرَتْ، فَمَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَنْعَتَهَا مِنْ حُسْنِهَا، فِي أَصْلِهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ: نَهْرَانِ بَاطِنَانِ، وَنَهْرَانِ ظَاهِرَانِ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَانِ يَا جِبْرِيلُ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا الْبَاطِنَانِ فَنَهْرَانِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَمَّا الظَّاهِرَانِ فَالنِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ. وَأَوْحَى إِلَيَّ مَا أَوْحَى، فَفَرَضَ عَلَيَّ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، فَنَزَلْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى، فَقَالَ: مَا فَرَضَ رَبُّكَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ؟ قُلْتُ: خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً، قَالَ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ، فَإِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنِّي قَدْ بَلَوْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَخَبَرْتُهُمْ، قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّي فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَبِّ خَفِّفْ عَلَى أُمَّتِي فَحَطَّ عَنِّي خَمْسًا فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَقُلْتُ: حَطَّ عَنِّي خَمْسًا، قَالَ: إِنْ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ. قَالَ: فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَرْجِعُ بَيْنَ رَبِّي وَبَيْنَ مُوسَى حَتَّى قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّهُنَّ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ عَشْرٌ هِيَ خَمْسٌ وَهِيَ خَمْسُونَ لَا يُبَدَّلُ الْقَوْلُ لَدَيَّ، وَمَنْ هَمَّ بِحَسَنَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ حَسَنَةً، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ عَشْرًا، وَمِنْ هَمَّ بِسَيِّئَةٍ فَلَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا لَمْ تُكْتَبْ شَيْئًا، فَإِنْ عَمِلَهَا كُتِبَتْ سَيِّئَةً وَاحِدَةً. قَالَ: فَنَزَلْتُ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى مُوسَى فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ. فَقُلْتُ: سَأَلْتُ رَبِّي حَتَّى اسْتَحْيَيْتُ وَلَكِنِّي أَرْضَى وَأُسَلِّمُ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا جَاوَزْتُ نَادَى مُنَادٍ: أَمْضَيْتُ فَرِيضَتِي وَخَفَّفْتُ عَنْ عِبَادِي، ثُمَّ أُدْخِلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ فَإِذَا فِيهَا جَنَابِذُ اللُّؤْلُؤِ (١) وإذا ترابها ٢٠٤/ب الْمِسْكُ. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ حَزْمٍ (٢) أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبَا حَبَّةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، كَانَا يَقُولَانِ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: ثُمَّ عُرِجَ بِي حَتَّى ظَهَرْتُ لِمُسْتَوًى فِيهِ صَرِيفُ الْأَقْلَامِ (٣) . قَالَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ وَأَنَسٌ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أُمَّتِي خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً (٤) .

(١) قباب اللؤلؤ. والجنابذ جمع جنبذة، وهي القبة. (شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٤٧) . (٢) هو أبو بكر بن محمد بن عمرو بن حزم وروايته عن أبي حبة الأنصاري منقطعة، لأنه استشهد بأحد قبل مولد أبي بكر بدهر. فتح الباري: ١ / ٤٦٢. (٣) أي: ما يكتبه الملائكة من أقضية الله ﷿، وما ينسخونه من اللوح المحفوظ. شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٤٨. (٤) هذا الحديث برواياته وطرقه التي ساقها المصنف، أخرجه البخاري في الصلاة باب كيف فرضت الصلاة في الإسراء: ١ / ٤٥٨-٤٥٩، وفي بدء الخلق، باب ذكر الملائكة: ٦ / ٣٠٢-٣٠٣، وفي مناقب الأنصار، باب المعراج: ٧ / ٢٠١-٢٠٢ وفي مواضع أخرى. وأخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب الإسراء برقم (١٦٢-١٦٤) : ١ / ١٤٥-١٥١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٣٣٦-٣٤١، ٣٤٣-٣٤٤، ٣٤٥-٣٤٧.