Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/52)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Kalbi said: Moses, peace be upon him, commanded them to observe Friday, saying: “Set aside one day out of every seven for Allah: worship Him on Friday, do not work at your trades on that day, and devote six days to your trades.” But they refused and said, “We want only the day on which Allah finished the creation: Saturday.” So He imposed that day upon them and made its observance strict for them. Then Jesus, peace be upon him, came to them with Friday, but they said, “We do not want their festival to come after ours”—meaning the Jews—so they adopted Sunday. Allah then granted Friday to this community; they accepted it, and they were blessed therein.

Abu Ali Hassan ibn Sa'id al-Mani'i informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammash al-Ziyadi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan related to us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami related to us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma'mar informed us from Hammam ibn Munabbih, who said: Abu Hurayrah related to us from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, 203/b, who said: “We are the last, yet the first on the Day of Resurrection. Although they were given the Book before us, we were given it after them. This was their day, which had been prescribed for them, but they differed concerning it; so Allah guided us to it. They follow us with regard to it: the Jews are tomorrow, and the Christians the day after tomorrow.” (1)

Allah Most High says: “The Sabbath was ordained only for those who differed over it.” [Qatada said: Those who differed over it were] (2) the Jews: some of them deemed it lawful, while others deemed it forbidden.

“And your Lord will surely judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ.”

“Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in the best manner. Indeed, your Lord knows best who has strayed from His way, and He knows best those who are rightly guided.” (125)

“Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom”: that is, with the Quran. “And good instruction”: meaning the exhortations of the Quran.

It was also said that good instruction means calling to Allah through encouragement and warning.

And it was said that it means gentle, tender speech, without harshness or rebuke.

“And argue with them in the best manner”: dispute and debate with them in the best way—that is, overlook their harm, and do not fall short in conveying the message and calling to the truth. This was abrogated by the verse commanding fighting. (3)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Friday Prayer, chapter: The Obligation of the Friday Prayer, 2:354; and by Muslim in the chapter: The Guidance of This Ummah to Friday, no. 855, 2:586. The compiler also cited it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:200. (2) The text within the parentheses is omitted from manuscript B. (3) This noble verse was revealed in Makkah during the period when Muslims were commanded to maintain a truce with the polytheists. Allah commanded His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to call people to Allah's religion and law with tact and gentleness, without severity or harshness. Muslims should likewise be admonished in this manner until the Day of Resurrection. Thus, it remains operative with respect to sinful monotheists, while it was abrogated by the command to fight in the case of unbelievers. It has also been said that, regarding those unbelievers for whom such treatment is possible and whose faith may be hoped for without fighting, the verse remains operative. And Allah knows best. Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 10:200; the original discussion is from Ibn Atiyyah in al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 8:546. See also the preceding commentary on verse 3 of Surah al-Hijr, 4:368, note 6, and 3:373, note 2.

قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: أَمَرَهُمْ مُوسَى ﵇ بِالْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالَ: تَفَرَّغُوا لِلَّهِ فِي كُلِّ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمًا فَاعْبُدُوهُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، وَلَا تَعْمَلُوا فِيهِ لِصَنْعَتِكُمْ، وَسِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ لِصِنَاعَتِكُمْ، فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا: لَا نُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي فَرَغَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، فَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ ثُمَّ جَاءَهُمْ عِيسَى ﵇ بِيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَقَالُوا لَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عِيدُهُمْ بَعْدَ عِيدِنَا -يَعْنُونَ الْيَهُودَ-فَاتَّخَذُوا الْأَحَدَ فَأَعْطَى اللَّهُ الْجُمُعَةَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ، فَقَبِلُوهَا وَبُورِكَ لَهُمْ فِيهَا. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّشٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رسول الله ﷺ ٢٠٣/ب قَالَ: "نَحْنُ الْآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا، وَأُوتِينَاهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ، فَهَذَا يَوْمُهُمُ الَّذِي فُرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، فَهَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهُ، فَهُمْ لَنَا فِيهِ تَبَعٌ، فَالْيَهُودُ غَدًا، وَالنَّصَارَى بَعْدَ غَدٍ" (١) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ السَّبْتُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ﴾ [قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ هُمُ] (٢) الْيَهُودُ، اسْتَحَلَّهُ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَحَرَّمَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ. ﴿وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَيَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ﴾ ﴿ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ (١٢٥) ﴾ ﴿ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ﴾ بِالْقُرْآنِ، ﴿وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ﴾ يَعْنِي مَوَاعِظَ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقِيلَ: الْمَوْعِظَةُ الْحَسَنَةُ هِيَ الدُّعَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ بِالتَّرْغِيبِ وَالتَّرْهِيبِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ الْقَوْلُ اللَّيِّنُ الرَّقِيقُ مِنْ غَيْرِ غِلْظَةٍ وَلَا تَعْنِيفٍ. ﴿وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ﴾ وَخَاصِمْهُمْ وَنَاظِرْهُمْ بِالْخُصُومَةِ الَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ، أَيْ: أَعْرِضْ عَنْ أَذَاهُمْ، وَلَا تُقَصِّرْ فِي تَبْلِيغِ الرِّسَالَةِ وَالدُّعَاءِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْقِتَالِ (٣) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجمعة، باب فرض الجمعة: ٢ / ٣٥٤، ومسلم في باب هداية هذه الأمة ليوم الجمعة، برقم (٨٥٥) : ٢ / ٥٨٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٠٠. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٣) هذه الآية الكريمة نزلت بمكة المكرمة في وقت الأمر بمهادنة المشركين، وأمر الله تعالى نبيه ﷺ أن يدعو إلى دين الله وشرعه بتلطف ولين، دون مخاشنة وتعنيف، وهكذا ينبغي أن يوعظ المسلمون إلى يوم القيامة. فهي محكمة في جهة العصاة من الموحدين، ومنسوخة بالقتال في حق الكافرين. وقد قيل: إن من أمكنت معه هذه الأحوال من الكفار ورجي إيمانه بها دون قتال فهي محكمة، والله أعلم. تفسير القرطبي: ١٠ / ٢٠٠، وأصل الكلام لابن عطية في المحرر الوجيز: ٨ / ٥٤٦، وانظر فيما سبق تفسير الآية (٣) من سورة الحجر: ٤ / ٣٦٨ تعليق (٦) و٣ / ٣٧٣ تعليق (٢) .