Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/41)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“A foot has slipped” is said of everyone afflicted after well-being, or fallen into peril after safety. “And you taste evil for having hindered others from the way of Allah.” It has been said that this means: by breaking your own covenant, you made it easy for people to break theirs. “And you will suffer a tremendous punishment.”

“Do not sell the covenant of Allah for a small price. Indeed, what is with Allah is better for you, if only you knew. What is with you will perish, but what is with Allah will endure. And We shall surely reward those who patiently endure according to the best of what they used to do. Whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer, We shall surely grant them a good life, and We shall surely reward them according to the best of what they used to do.” (95–97)

“Do not sell the covenant of Allah for a small price”: that is, do not break your covenants in pursuit of some paltry gain from this world through breaking them; rather, fulfil them. “Indeed, what is with Allah”—of reward for fulfilling them—“is better for you, if only you knew” the vast difference between the two recompenses. (1) He then clarified this, saying: “What is with you will perish”: that is, this world and all that it contains will pass away; “but what is with Allah will endure.”

“And We shall surely reward”: Abu Jafar, Ibn Kathir, and Asim recited it with the first-person plural prefix, while the rest recited it with the third-person singular prefix. (2) “Those who patiently endure”—in fulfilling their covenants through ease and hardship—“according to the best of what they used to do.”

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani related to us; Ali ibn Hujr related to us; Ismail ibn Jafar related to us; Amr ibn Abi Amr, the freedman of al-Muttalib, related to us from Abu Musa al-Ashari that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Whoever loves his worldly life harms his Hereafter, and whoever loves his Hereafter harms his worldly life. So give preference to what endures over what perishes.” (3)

Concerning His saying, “Whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer, We shall surely grant them a good life,” Said ibn Jubayr and Ata said: It is lawful provision.

(1) The text enclosed in parentheses is omitted in manuscript B. (2) The text enclosed in parentheses is omitted in manuscript A. (3) Al-Hakim recorded it in al-Mustadrak, 4:308, and declared it sound according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs. Al-Dhahabi, however, noted that its chain contains a discontinuity. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 4:175, 412, and by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 3:370; the author of Mishkat al-Masabih also attributed it to al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman. Al-Haythami said: “It was narrated by Ahmad, al-Bazzar, and al-Tabarani, and their narrators are trustworthy.” See Majma al-Zawaid, 10:249; Mishkat al-Masabih, no. 5179; and Kashf al-Khafa wa Muzil al-Ilbas by al-Ajluni, 1:491. The author also recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:239.

لِكُلِّ مُبْتَلًى بَعْدَ عَافِيَةٍ، أَوْ سَاقِطٍ فِي وَرْطَةٍ بَعْدَ سَلَامَةٍ: زَلَّتْ قَدَمُهُ، ﴿وَتَذُوقُوا السُّوءَ بِمَا صَدَدْتُمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ قِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ: سَهَّلْتُمْ طَرِيقَ نَقْضِ الْعَهْدِ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِنَقْضِكُمُ الْعَهْدَ، ﴿وَلَكُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾ ﴿وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا إِنَّمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (٩٥) مَا عِنْدَكُمْ يَنْفَدُ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا أَجْرَهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (٩٦) مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْرَهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (٩٧) ﴾ ﴿وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ يَعْنِي لَا تَنْقُضُوا عُهُودَكُمْ، تَطْلُبُونَ بِنَقْضِهَا عَرَضًا قَلِيلًا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا، وَلَكِنْ أَوْفَوْا بِهَا. ﴿إِنَّمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ﴾ مِنَ الثَّوَابِ لَكُمْ عَلَى الْوَفَاءِ، ﴿خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ [فَضْلُ مَا بَيْنَ الْعِوَضَيْنِ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ] (١) . فَقَالَ: ﴿مَا عِنْدَكُمْ يَنْفَدُ﴾ أَيِ: الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا يَفْنَى، ﴿وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ﴾ ﴿وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّ﴾ [قَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَعَاصِمٌ بِالنُّونِ وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالْيَاءِ] (٢) ﴿الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا﴾ عَلَى الْوَفَاءِ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ، ﴿أَجْرَهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو مَوْلَى الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مِنْ أَحَبَّ دُنْيَاهُ أَضَرَّ بِآخِرَتِهِ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ آخِرَتَهُ أَضَرَّ بِدُنْيَاهُ، فَآثِرُوا مَا يَبْقَى عَلَى مَا يَفْنَى" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً﴾ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَطَاءٌ: هِيَ الرِّزْقُ الْحَلَّالُ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب". (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٣) أخرجه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٤ / ٣٠٨، وصححه على شرط الشيخين، فتعقبه الذهبي بأن فيه انقطاعا. وأخرجه الإمام أحمد في المسند: ٤ / ١٧٥،٤١٢، والبيهقي في السنن: ٣ / ٣٧٠، وعزاه صاحب المشكاة له في "شعب الإيمان". قال الهيثمي: "رواه أحمد والبزار والطبراني، ورجالهم ثقات". انظر: مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ٢٤٩، مشكاة المصابيح رقم (٥١٧٩) ، وكشف الخفاء ومزيل الإلباس للعجلوني: ١ / ٤٩١. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٣٩.