Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/37)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“As for those who disbelieved and barred others from the way of Allah, We shall increase them in punishment upon punishment for the corruption they used to spread.” (88)

Allah says: “And the Day when We raise from every community a witness”—that is, a messenger—“then those who disbelieved will not be permitted” to offer excuses. It is also said: they will not be permitted to speak at all. “Nor will they be asked to seek Allah’s pleasure”: that is, they will not be commanded to seek their Lord’s pleasure, for the Hereafter is not an abode of religious obligation, nor will they be returned to this world so that they may repent. The true meaning of seeking Allah’s pleasure is to present oneself in pursuit of His approval; and this opportunity will be closed to the disbelievers in the Hereafter.

“And when those who wronged”—that is, disbelieved—“see the punishment,” meaning Hell, “it will not be lightened for them, nor will they be granted respite.”

“And when those who associated partners with Allah,” on the Day of Resurrection, “see their partners,” meaning their idols, “they will say, ‘Our Lord, these are the partners whom we used to invoke besides You’”—that is, whom we took as lords and worshipped. “But they will reply to them”—that is, the idols will reply—“‘Indeed, you are liars’”: you lied in calling us gods; we never called you to worship us.

“And on that Day they will submit themselves entirely to Allah”: that is, the idolaters will surrender and submit to His judgment concerning them, while their gods will be of no avail to them whatsoever. “And all that they used to fabricate will vanish from them”: namely, their claim that these gods would intercede for them.

“As for those who disbelieved and barred others from the way of Allah”: they prevented people from the path of truth. “We shall increase them in punishment upon punishment.” Abdullah said: “Scorpions with fangs like tall date palms.”

Sa'id ibn Jubayr said: “Snakes like Bactrian camels (1), and scorpions like mules. When one of them stings, its victim feels the burning of that sting for forty years.”

Ibn Abbas and Muqatil said: This means five rivers of molten brass, like fire, flowing from beneath the Throne. They will be punished by them: three for the duration of the night and two for the duration of the day.

(1) Bukht refers to the Khurasani camels, which are camels with long necks; the singular is bukhti.

﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ زِدْنَاهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُوا يُفْسِدُونَ (٨٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَيَوْمَ نَبْعَثُ مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ شَهِيدًا﴾ يَعْنِي رَسُولًا ﴿ثُمَّ لَا يُؤْذَنُ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ فِي الِاعْتِذَارِ، وَقِيلَ: فِي الْكَلَامِ أَصْلًا ﴿وَلَا هُمْ يُسْتَعْتَبُونَ﴾ يُسْتَرْضَوْنَ، يَعْنِي: لَا يُكَلَّفُونَ أَنْ يُرْضُوا رَبَّهُمْ، لِأَنَّ الْآخِرَةَ لَيْسَتْ بِدَارِ تَكْلِيفٍ، وَلَا يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا فَيَتُوبُونَ. وَحَقِيقَةُ الْمَعْنَى فِي الِاسْتِعْتَابِ: أَنَّهُ التَّعَرُّضُ لِطَلَبِ الرِّضَا، وَهَذَا الْبَابُ مُنْسَدٌّ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ. ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا﴾ كَفَرُوا، ﴿الْعَذَابَ﴾ يَعْنِي جَهَنَّمَ، ﴿فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْظَرُونَ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا رَأَى الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا﴾ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿شُرَكَاءَهُمْ﴾ أَوْثَانَهُمْ، ﴿قَالُوا رَبَّنَا هَؤُلَاءِ شُرَكَاؤُنَا الَّذِينَ كُنَّا نَدْعُوا مِنْ دُونِكَ﴾ أَرْبَابًا وَنَعْبُدُهُمْ، ﴿فَأَلْقَوْا﴾ يَعْنِي الْأَوْثَانَ، ﴿إِلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلَ﴾ أَيْ: قَالُوا لَهُمْ، ﴿إِنَّكُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ﴾ فِي تَسْمِيَتِنَا آلِهَةً مَا دَعَوْنَاكُمْ إِلَى عِبَادَتِنَا. ﴿وَأَلْقَوْا﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴿إِلَى اللَّهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ السَّلَمَ﴾ اسْتَسْلَمُوا وَانْقَادُوا لِحُكْمِهِ فِيهِمْ، وَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْهُمْ آلِهَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا، ﴿وَضَلَّ﴾ وَزَالَ، ﴿عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ﴾ مِنْ أَنَّهَا تَشْفَعُ لَهُمْ. ﴿الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ مَنَعُوا النَّاسَ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الْحَقِّ ﴿زِدْنَاهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: عَقَارِبُ لَهَا أَنْيَابٌ أَمْثَالُ النَّخْلِ الطِّوَالِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: حَيَّاتٌ أَمْثَالُ الْبُخْتِ (١) وَعَقَارِبُ أَمْثَالُ الْبِغَالِ، تَلْسَعُ إِحْدَاهُنَّ اللَّسْعَةَ يَجِدُ صَاحِبُهَا حُمَّتَهَا أَرْبَعِينَ خَرِيفًا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي خَمْسَةَ أَنْهَارٍ مِنْ صُفْرٍ مُذَابٍ كَالنَّارِ تَسِيلُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ، يُعَذَّبُونَ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ اللَّيْلِ وَاثْنَانِ عَلَى مِقْدَارِ النَّهَارِ.

(١) البخت: هي الإبل الخراسانية، وهي جمال طوال الأعناق، واحدها: بختي.