Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/35)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Allah has made your houses a place of rest for you; and from the hides of livestock He has made for you dwellings that you find light to carry on the day you depart and on the day you settle. And from their wool, fur, and hair He has made furnishings and provision for a time. (80) And Allah has made for you shade from what He has created; from the mountains He has made for you shelters; and He has made garments for you to protect you from the heat, and garments to protect you in battle. Thus does He complete His favor upon you, so that you may submit. (81)”

Regarding the words, “Have they not seen,” Ibn Amir, Hamzah, and Yaqub read it with the letter ta, while the rest read it with the letter ya, in view of His words, “and they worship.” (1) “The birds, held aloft”: that is, made subject. “In the expanse of the sky”: this is the air between heaven and earth. Kab al-Ahbar related that birds rise twelve miles, but do not rise any higher; above the atmosphere is the sukak, and above the sukak is the heaven. “None holds them up” in the air “except Allah. Surely in this are signs for a people who believe.”

“And Allah has made your houses [which are built of stone and clay] (2) a place of rest”: that is, a dwelling in which you reside. “And from the hides of livestock He has made for you dwellings”: meaning tents, domed tents, small tents, and pavilions made of tanned hides and leather. “That you find light to carry”: that is, whose carriage is light upon you. “On the day you depart”: that is, when you set out on your journey. Ibn Amir and the Kufan reciters read the letter ayn without a vowel, while the others read it with a fathah vowel; the latter is the more eloquent of the two usages. “And on the day you settle”: in your town; they do not weigh heavily upon you in either state.

“And from their wool, fur, and hair”: that is, the wool of sheep, the camel hair of camels, and the hair of goats. The pronouns refer back to the livestock. “Furnishings”: Ibn Abbas said, “Wealth.” Mujahid said, “Provision.”

Al-Qutaybi said: “Furnishings means all kinds of wealth: camels, sheep, slaves, and household goods.” Others said that it means household furnishings, such as bedding and coverings.

“And provision”: a means of benefit from which they derive use. “For a time”: meaning until death. It was also said: until it wears out. “And Allah has made for you, from what He has created, shades” in which you shelter yourselves from the intense heat—namely, the shade of buildings and trees.

(1) In verse seventy-two of the surah: “And they worship besides Allah that which possesses no provision for them ...” to the end of the verse. (2) Omitted from manuscript “B.” (3) In the margin of manuscript “A”: Note: Had he said, “from skins,” it would have been better than his saying, “from anta' and adam” (types of leather).

﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ سَكَنًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْأَنْعَامِ بُيُوتًا تَسْتَخِفُّونَهَا يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ وَيَوْمَ إِقَامَتِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَصْوَافِهَا وَأَوْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا أَثَاثًا وَمَتَاعًا إِلَى حِينٍ (٨٠) وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلَالًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ أَكْنَانًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ سَرَابِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ الْحَرَّ وَسَرَابِيلَ تَقِيكُمْ بَأْسَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ يُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ (٨١) ﴾ ﴿أَلَمْ يَرَوْا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَيَعْقُوبُ: بِالتَّاءِ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالْيَاءِ لِقَوْلِهِ: "وَيَعْبُدُونَ" (١) . ﴿إِلَى الطَّيْرِ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ﴾ مُذَلَّلَاتٍ، ﴿فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ﴾ وَهُوَ الْهَوَاءُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ. عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ أَنَّ الطَّيْرَ تَرْتَفِعُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ مِيلًا وَلَا يَرْتَفِعُ فَوْقَ هَذَا، وَفَوْقَ الْجَوِّ السُّكَاكُ، وَفَوْقَ السُّكَاكِ السَّمَاءُ ﴿مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ﴾ فِي الْهَوَاءِ ﴿إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ ﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ﴾ [الَّتِي هِيَ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ وَالْمَدَرِ] (٢) ﴿سَكَنًا﴾ أَيْ: مَسْكَنًا تَسْكُنُونَهُ، ﴿وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنْ جُلُودِ الْأَنْعَامِ بُيُوتًا﴾ يَعْنِي الْخِيَامَ، وَالْقِبَابَ، وَالْأَخْبِيَةَ، وَالْفَسَاطِيطَ مِنَ الْأَنْطَاعِ وَالْأُدُمَ (٣) ﴿تَسْتَخِفُّونَهَا﴾ أَيْ: يَخِفُّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَمْلُهَا، ﴿يَوْمَ ظَعْنِكُمْ﴾ رِحْلَتِكُمْ فِي سَفَرِكُمْ، قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَأَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ، سَاكِنَةَ الْعَيْنِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِهَا، وَهُوَ أَجْزَلُ اللُّغَتَيْنِ، ﴿وَيَوْمَ إِقَامَتِكُمْ﴾ فِي بَلَدِكُمْ لَا تَثْقُلُ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ. ﴿وَمِنْ أَصْوَافِهَا وَأَوْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا﴾ يَعْنِي: أَصْوَافَ الضَّأْنِ، وَأَوْبَارَ الْإِبِلِ، وَأَشْعَارَ الْمَعِزِ، وَالْكِنَايَاتُ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى الْأَنْعَامِ، ﴿أَثَاثًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَالًا. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: مَتَاعًا. قَالَ الْقُتَيْبِيُّ: "الْأَثَاثُ": الْمَالُ أَجْمَعُ، مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ وَالْعَبِيدِ، وَالْمَتَاعِ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: هُوَ مَتَاعُ الْبَيْتِ مِنَ الْفَرْشِ وَالْأَكْسِيَةِ. ﴿وَمَتَاعًا﴾ بَلَاغًا يَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهَا، ﴿إِلَى حِينٍ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمَوْتَ. وَقِيلَ: إِلَى حِينِ تَبْلَى. ﴿وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلَالًا﴾ تَسْتَظِلُّونَ بِهَا مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ، وَهِيَ ظِلَالُ الْأَبْنِيَةِ وَالْأَشْجَارِ،

(١) في الآية الثانية والسبعين من السورة: "ويعبدون من دون الله ما لا يملك لهم رزقا ... " الآية. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) في هامش "أ": فائدة: لو قال: من الجلود، كان أحسن من قوله من الأنطاع والأدم.