and Ata. It is also said that to oppose means to act in disagreement, as though each person were taking a side different from that of his companion. Allah Most High says: “Let not your opposition to me lead you to sin” (89—Hud)—that is, opposition to me. It is also said that it means enmity, as indicated by His words: “That is because they opposed Allah” (13—al-Anfal)—that is, they acted with enmity toward Allah.

“Allah will suffice you against them,” O Muhammad—that is, He will protect you from the evil of the Jews and Christians. And He did indeed suffice him against them through the expulsion of Banu Nadir, the killing of Banu Qurayza, and the imposition of the jizya (poll tax) upon the Jews and Christians. “And He is the All-Hearing,” of their words, “the All-Knowing,” of their circumstances.

“Allah’s religion—and whose religion is better than Allah’s? And we worship Him. Say, ‘Do you dispute with us concerning Allah, while He is our Lord and your Lord? Our deeds are ours, and your deeds are yours, and we are sincerely devoted to Him. Or do you say that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes were Jews or Christians?’ Say, ‘Are you more knowledgeable, or is Allah?’ And who is more unjust than one who conceals a testimony from Allah that he possesses? Allah is not unaware of what you do. That was a community that has passed away. What it earned belongs to it, and what you earn belongs to you; and you will not be questioned about what they used to do.” (138–141)