Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/30)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and said, “My brother has diarrhea.” The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Give him honey to drink.” So he gave him honey, then came back and said, “I gave it to him, but it only made his diarrhea worse.” The Prophet, Allah bless him and grant him peace, told him this three times. Then he came a fourth time, and he said, “Give him honey to drink.” He said, “I have already given it to him, but it only made his diarrhea worse.” The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Allah has spoken the truth, while your brother’s stomach has lied.” So he gave him honey, and he recovered. (1)

Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said: “Honey is a remedy for every illness, and the Quran is a healing for what is in the hearts.” (2)

It is also narrated from him that he said: “Take recourse to the two remedies: the Quran and honey.” (3)

“Surely in this is a sign for people who reflect”—and thus take heed.

“Allah created you, then He will take you in death. And among you are those who are returned to the most decrepit stage of life, so that after having knowledge they know nothing. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Powerful. (70)”

“Allah created you, then He will take you in death,” whether as children, young men, or in middle age. “And among you are those who are returned to the most decrepit stage of life”—that is, its worst stage. Muqatil said: This means old age.

Qatadah said: The most decrepit stage of life is ninety years of age.

It is narrated from Ali that he said: The most decrepit stage of life is seventy-five years of age. It was also said: eighty years.

“So that after having knowledge they know nothing”: that is, so that after their former understanding they comprehend nothing. “Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Powerful.”

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; [Musa ibn Isma'il narrated to us] (4); Harun ibn Musa narrated to us; Abu Abdullah al-A'war narrated to us, from Shu'ayb, from Anas ibn Malik, that the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and grant him peace, would supplicate: “I seek refuge in You from miserliness, laziness, the most decrepit stage of life, the punishment of the grave, the tribulation of the Dajjal (the False Messiah), and the trials of life and death.” (5)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Medicine, chapter: “Treatment with honey,” and Allah Most High’s saying, “In it there is healing for people,” 10:139; and by Muslim in The Book of Greetings, chapter: “Treatment by drinking honey,” no. 2217, 4:1736-1737. The wording is Muslim’s. It was also reported by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:147. (2) Reported by Ibn Abi Shaybah and Ibn Jarir. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:144. (3) Reported by Sa'id ibn Mansur, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Tabarani, and Ibn Mardawayh as a statement of Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him. Ibn Majah, Ibn Mardawayh, al-Hakim, who authenticated it, and al-Bayhaqi in Shu'ab al-Iman also reported it as a Prophetic narration through Ibn Mas'ud. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:144. (4) Omitted in manuscript “B.” (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in the exegesis of Surat al-Nahl, chapter: “And among you are those who are returned to the most decrepit stage of life,” 8:387-388; and by Muslim in The Book of Remembrance and Supplication, chapter: “Seeking refuge from incapacity, laziness, and other matters,” no. 2706, 4:2080.

فَقَالَ: إِنْ أَخِي اسْتَطْلَقَ بَطْنُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: اسْقِهِ عَسَلًا فَسَقَاهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَقَيْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُ إِلَّا اسْتِطْلَاقًا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَقَالَ: اسْقِهِ عَسَلًا قَالَ: قَدْ سَقَيْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُ إِلَّا اسْتِطْلَاقًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَكَذَبَ بَطْنُ أَخِيكَ"، فَسَقَاهُ فَبَرَأَ (١) . قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: الْعَسَلُ شِفَاءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ، وَالْقُرْآنُ شِفَاءٌ لِمَا فِي الصُّدُورِ (٢) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالشِّفَاءَيْنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَالْعَسَلِ (٣) . ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ فَيَعْتَبِرُونَ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْ لَا يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ (٧٠) ﴾ ﴿وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفَّاكُمْ﴾ صِبْيَانًا أَوْ شُبَّانًا أَوْ كُهُولًا ﴿وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ﴾ أَرْدَئِهِ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي الْهَرَمَ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: أَرْذَلُ الْعُمُرِ تِسْعُونَ سَنَةً. رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: أَرْذَلُ الْعُمُرِ خَمْسٌ وَسَبْعُونَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: ثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً. ﴿لِكَيْ لَا يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا﴾ لِكَيْلَا يَعْقِلَ بَعْدَ عَقْلِهِ الْأَوَّلِ شَيْئًا، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ﴾ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا محمد بن يوسف، حدثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، [حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ] (٤) حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَعْوَرُ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو: "أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ، وَالْكَسَلِ، وَأَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ" (٥) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الطب، باب الدواء بالعسل، وقول الله تعالى: "فيه شفاء للناس": ١٠ / ١٣٩، ومسلم في السلام، باب التداوي بسقي العسل، برقم (٢٢١٧) : ٤ / ١٧٣٦-١٧٣٧، واللفظ له، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ١٤٧. (٢) أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة، وابن جرير. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ١٤٤. (٣) أخرجه سعيد بن منصور، وابن أبي شيبة، وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم، والطبراني، وابن مردويه، موقوفا على ابن مسعود ﵁ وأخرجه ابن ماجه، وابن مردويه، والحاكم -وصححه- والبيهقي ي "شعب الإيمان" مرفوعا من رواية ابن مسعود: انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ١٤٤. (٤) ساقط من "ب". (٥) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة النحل، باب "ومنكم من يرد إلى أرزل العمر": ٨ / ٣٨٧-٣٨٨، ومسلم في الذكر والدعاء، باب التعوذ من العجز والكسل وغيره، برقم (٢٧٠٦) : ٤ / ٢٠٨٠.