Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/24)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

so that they may deny what We have given them. Enjoy yourselves, then; you will soon know. (55) And they assign a share of what We have provided them to those of whom they have no knowledge. By Allah, you will surely be questioned about what you used to fabricate. (56) And they attribute daughters to Allah—exalted is He—while they themselves have what they desire. (57) When one of them is given news of a female child, his face grows dark, and he is filled with suppressed grief. (58)

His saying, exalted is He: “Whatever blessing you have is from Allah” means: Whatever blessing is with you is from Allah. “Then, when hardship touches you”—that is, drought and illness—“to Him alone you cry out for help”: you raise your voices in supplication and appeal to Him for aid.

“Yet when He removes the hardship from you, behold, a group among you associate partners with their Lord, so that they may deny what We have given them.” That is, they may reject it. (This lām is called the lām of consequence; that is, the ultimate outcome of their affair is their disbelief.) (1) “What We have given them” refers to the blessings bestowed on them and to the removal of hardship and affliction. “Enjoy yourselves, then” means: Live in this world for the period I have appointed for you. “You will soon know” the outcome of your affair. This is a warning to them.

“And they assign a share of what We have provided them to those of whom they have no knowledge”—that is, to the idols, which have no rightful claim—“from what We have provided them,” namely, their wealth. This was the portion of their crops and livestock which they allocated to the idols, saying, “This is for Allah,” as they claimed, “and this is for our partners.”

Then He shifts from the third-person narrative to direct address, saying: “By Allah, you will surely be questioned,” on the Day of Resurrection, “about what you used to fabricate” in this world. “And they attribute daughters to Allah”—they being Khuzā‘ah and Kinānah, who said, “The angels are the daughters of Allah, exalted is He”—“while they themselves have what they desire”: that is, they assign to themselves the sons whom they desire. Thus, mā (what) may function as an object, or it may be taken as a subject. “When one of them is given news of a female child, his face grows dark,” changed by grief and aversion, “and he is filled with suppressed grief”: he is filled with sorrow and rage, holding it within himself and not displaying it.

(1) The text within the parentheses is omitted in manuscript B.

﴿لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ (٥٥) وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ نَصِيبًا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ تَاللَّهَ لَتُسْأَلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنْتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ (٥٦) وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ الْبَنَاتِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَلَهُمْ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ (٥٧) وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِالْأُنْثَى ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ (٥٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَمَا بِكُمْ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: وَمَا يَكُنْ بِكُمْ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ، ﴿ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ﴾ الْقَحْطُ وَالْمَرَضُ، ﴿فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْأَرُونَ﴾ تَضِجُّونَ وَتَصِيحُونَ بِالدُّعَاءِ وَالِاسْتِغَاثَةِ. ﴿ثُمَّ إِذَا كَشَفَ الضُّرَّ عَنْكُمْ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْكُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ . ﴿لِيَكْفُرُوا﴾ لِيَجْحَدُوا، [وَهَذِهِ اللَّامُ تُسَمَّى لَامَ الْعَاقِبَةِ، أَيْ: حَاصِلُ أَمْرِهِمْ هُوَ كُفْرُهُمْ] (١) ﴿بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ﴾ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ مِنَ النَّعْمَاءِ وَكَشْفِ الضَّرَّاءِ وَالْبَلَاءِ، ﴿فَتَمَتَّعُوا﴾ أَيْ: عِيشُوا فِي الدُّنْيَا الْمُدَّةَ الَّتِي ضَرَبْتُهَا لَكُمْ، ﴿فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ عَاقِبَةَ أَمْرِكُمْ. هَذَا وَعِيدٌ لَهُمْ. ﴿وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ لَهُ حَقًّا، أَيِ: الْأَصْنَامِ، ﴿نَصِيبًا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ، وَهُوَ مَا جَعَلُوا لِلْأَوْثَانِ مِنْ حُرُوثِهِمْ وَأَنْعَامِهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: هَذَا لِلَّهِ بِزَعْمِهِمْ، وَهَذَا لِشُرَكَائِنَا. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ إِلَى الْخِطَابِ فَقَالَ: ﴿تَاللَّهِ لَتُسْأَلُنَّ﴾ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿عَمَّا كُنْتُمْ تَفْتَرُونَ﴾ فِي الدُّنْيَا. ﴿وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ الْبَنَاتِ﴾ وَهُمْ خُزَاعَةُ وَكِنَانَةُ، قَالُوا: الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿سُبْحَانَهُ وَلَهُمْ مَا يَشْتَهُونَ﴾ أَيْ: وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الْبَنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَهُونَهُمْ، فَتَكُونُ "مَا" فِي مَحَلِّ النَّصْبِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاءِ فَتَكُونُ "مَا" فِي مَحَلِّ الرَّفْعِ. ﴿وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِالْأُنْثَى ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا﴾ مُتَغَيِّرًا مِنَ الْغَمِّ وَالْكَرَاهِيَةِ، ﴿وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ﴾ وَهُوَ مُمْتَلِئٌ حُزْنًا وَغَيْظًا فَهُوَ يَكْظِمُهُ أَيْ: يُمْسِكُهُ وَلَا يُظْهِرُهُ.

(١) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "ب".