Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/19)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

That is, misguidance was decreed for him by the prior decree, until he died in disbelief. “So travel through the land and see what was the end of those who denied the truth”: that is, the ultimate outcome of their affair—the destruction of their dwellings through punishment and ruin.

“If you are eager for their guidance, then indeed Allah does not guide those whom He leads astray, and they will have no helpers. (37) And they swear by Allah their most solemn oaths that Allah will not raise up those who die. Rather, it is a true promise binding upon Him, but most people do not know—so that He may make clear to them that over which they differ, and so that those who disbelieve may know that they were liars. (38–39) When We will something, Our command is only that We say to it, ‘Be,’ and it is. (40)”

“If you are eager for their guidance,” O Muhammad, “then indeed Allah does not guide those whom He leads astray.” The scholars of Kufa recited yahdī with the letter yāʾ opened and the letter dāl given kasrah; that is, Allah does not guide one whom He has led astray. It was also said that its meaning is: one whom Allah has led astray does not find guidance.

The others recited it with the yāʾ given dammah and the dāl opened, meaning: whoever Allah leads astray has no guide, as He says: “Whoever Allah leads astray, none can guide.” (al-Aʿrāf 7:186)

“And they will have no helpers”: that is, none to protect them from the punishment. Regarding His saying, “And they swear by Allah their most solemn oaths that Allah will not raise up those who die”: they were deniers of the resurrection. Allah, exalted is He, replied to them: “Rather, it is a true promise binding upon Him, but most people do not know—so that He may make clear to them that over which they differ”; that is, so that He may show them the truth concerning that over which they differ, “and so that those who disbelieve may know that they were liars.”

“When We will something, Our command is only that We say to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.” Allah, exalted is He, says: When We will to raise the dead, reviving them does not weary Us, nor does anything that comes to pass. We only say to it, “Be,” and it is.

Hassan ibn Saʿid al-Manīʿī informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammash al-Ziyādī informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattan informed us; Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulamī related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Maʿmar informed us, from Hammam ibn Munabbih, who said: Abu Hurayrah related to us that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah says: ‘My servant has denied Me, though he had no right to do so; and My servant has reviled Me, though he had no right to do so. As for his denying Me, it is his saying, “He will not restore us as He created us the first time.” And as for his reviling Me, it is his saying, “Allah has taken a child.” Yet I am the Self-Sufficient One: I neither beget, nor is there any equal to Me.’” (1)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, Surat al-Baqarah, chapter: “They say, ‘Allah has taken a son.’ Glory be to Him,” 8:168.

أَيْ: وَجَبَتْ بِالْقَضَاءِ السَّابِقِ حَتَّى مَاتَ عَلَى كُفْرِهِ، ﴿فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ﴾ أَيْ: مَآلُ أَمْرِهِمْ، وَهُوَ خَرَابُ مَنَازِلِهِمْ بِالْعَذَابِ وَالْهَلَاكِ. ﴿إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلَى هُدَاهُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ (٣٧) وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَا يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَمُوتُ بَلَى وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (٣٨) لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمُ الَّذِي يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا كَاذِبِينَ (٣٩) إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (٤٠) ﴾ ﴿إِنْ تَحْرِصْ عَلَى هُدَاهُمْ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، ﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ يُضِلُّ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ " يَهْدِي " بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ وَكَسْرِ الدَّالِّ أَيْ: لَا يَهْدِي اللَّهُ مَنْ أَضَلَّهُ. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ لَا يَهْتَدِي مَنْ أَضَلَّهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَفَتْحِ الدَّالِ يَعْنِي مَنْ أَضَلَّهُ اللَّهُ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ: "ومن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ" (الْأَعْرَافِ-١٨٦) . ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ﴾ أَيْ: مَانِعِينَ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ لَا يَبْعَثُ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَمُوتُ﴾ وَهُمْ مُنْكِرُو الْبَعْثِ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى رَدًّا عَلَيْهِمْ: ﴿بَلَى وَعْدًا عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ ﴿لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمُ الَّذِي يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ﴾ أَيْ: لِيُظْهِرَ لَهُمُ الْحَقَّ فِيمَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِيهِ ﴿وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا كَاذِبِينَ﴾ ﴿إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ﴾ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِذَا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَبْعَثَ الْمَوْتَى فَلَا تَعَبَ عَلَيْنَا فِي إِحْيَائِهِمْ، وَلَا فِي شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَحْدُثُ، إِنَّمَا نَقُولُ لَهُ: كُنْ، فَيَكُونُ. أَخْبَرَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّشٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "قَالَ اللَّهُ: كَذَّبَنِي عَبْدِي، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَشَتَمَنِي عَبْدِي وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَأَمَّا تَكْذِيبُهُ إِيَّايَ، أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَنْ يُعِيدَنَا كَمَا بَدَأَنَا، وَأَمَّا شَتْمُهُ إِيَّايَ، أَنْ يَقُولَ: اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا، وَأَنَا الصَّمَدُ، لَمْ أَلِدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ" (١) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، سورة البقرة، باب "وقالوا: اتخذ الله ولدا سبحانه" ٨ / ١٦٨،.