Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/18)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Those who associate partners with Allah say, ‘Had Allah willed, neither we nor our forefathers would have worshipped anything besides Him, nor would we have forbidden anything apart from Him.’ Thus did those before them act. Are the messengers responsible for anything but clear conveyance? We certainly sent a messenger to every community, saying, ‘Worship Allah and shun false deities.’ Then among them were those whom Allah guided, and among them were those upon whom misguidance was decreed. So travel through the land and see what was the end of those who denied the truth.” (35–36)

Allah, exalted is He, says, “Are they waiting for anything other than the angels to come to them”—to take their souls—“or for your Lord’s command to come?” That is, the Day of Resurrection; and it was also said: the punishment. “Thus did those before them act,” that is, they disbelieved. “Allah did not wrong them” by punishing them; “rather, they wronged themselves.” “So the evil consequences of what they did struck them”: the punishments for their disbelief and their wicked deeds. “And that which they used to ridicule encompassed them”—that is, descended upon them. (1)

“Those who associate partners with Allah say, ‘Had Allah willed, neither we nor our forefathers would have worshipped anything besides Him, nor would we have forbidden anything apart from Him.’” That is, the baḥīrah, sāʾibah, waṣīlah, and ḥām. Had Allah not approved of these practices, He would have changed them and guided us to something else. “Thus did those before them act. Are the messengers responsible for anything but clear conveyance?” That is, guidance is not in their hands; they are only responsible for conveying the message.

“We certainly sent a messenger to every community,” that is, just as We sent one among you, “saying, ‘Worship Allah and shun false deities.’” These are everything worshipped besides Allah. “Then among them were those whom Allah guided,” that is, Allah guided them to His religion; “and among them were those upon whom misguidance was decreed.”

(1) Omitted from manuscript B.

﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا عَبَدْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ نَحْنُ وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَهَلْ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ (٣٥) وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ (٣٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ﴾ لِقَبْضِ أَرْوَاحِهِمْ، ﴿أَوْ يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَقِيلَ: الْعَذَابُ. ﴿كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: كَفَرُوا، ﴿وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ﴾ بِتَعْذِيبِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ، ﴿وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ﴾ ﴿فَأَصَابَهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُ مَا عَمِلُوا﴾ عُقُوبَاتُ كُفْرِهِمْ وَأَعْمَالِهِمِ الْخَبِيثَةِ، ﴿وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ﴾ [نَزَلَ بِهِمْ] (١) ﴿مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ﴾ ﴿وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا عَبَدْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ نَحْنُ وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمْنَا مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْبَحِيرَةَ، وَالسَّائِبَةَ، وَالْوَصِيلَةَ، وَالْحَامِ، فَلَوْلَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ رَضِيَهَا لَغَيَّرَ ذَلِكَ وَهَدَانَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا، ﴿كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَهَلْ عَلَى الرُّسُلِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ أَيْ: لَيْسَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْهِدَايَةُ إِنَّمَا إِلَيْهِمُ التَّبْلِيغُ. ﴿وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا﴾ أَيْ: كَمَا بَعَثْنَا فِيكُمْ، ﴿أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ﴾ وَهُوَ كُلُّ مَعْبُودٍ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، ﴿فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: هَدَاهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى دِينِهِ، ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ﴾

(١) ساقط من "ب".