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Al-Farra’ and al-Akhfash said: They are cleaving vessels, cutting through the water with their two sides.
Mujahid said: The winds cause the ships to cleave through the water.
The basic meaning of makhr is rising and cleaving. In the hadith: “When one of you wishes to urinate, let him determine the direction of the wind” (1)—that is, let him see from where it is moving and blowing, then turn his back to it so that the urine is not blown back upon him.
Abu ‘Ubaydah said: They are roaring; makhr is the sound of the wind blowing when it is strong.
“And so that you may seek of His bounty,” meaning through trade, “and so that you may give thanks,” when you see Allah’s workmanship in what He has subjected for you.
(1) Ibn Hibban transmitted it in al-Majruhin, 3:108, with the wording: “When one of you wishes to relieve himself, let him not turn his back to the wind.” Al-Zamakhshari mentioned it in al-Fa'iq, 3:350, on the authority of Suraqah ibn Malik, who said to his people: “When one of you goes to defecate, let him honor the qiblah of Allah ... and turn his back to the wind.” Ibn al-Athir mentioned it similarly in al-Nihayah, 4:305. Al-Zayla'i also referred to it in Nasb al-Rayah, 2:103, attributing it to al-Tabari's Tahdhib al-Athar. Al-Daraqutni narrated in al-Sunan, 1:57, with the wording: “... and let him not face the wind,” and said: “No one narrated it other than Mubashshir ibn Ubayd, and he is rejected in hadith.” Ibn al-Athir said: Makhr originally means “cleaving”; one says, “The ship makharat the water,” when it cleaves it with its bow and sails through it. Thus, “turn your backs to the wind” means: turn your backs toward the wind while urinating, for when one turns his back to it, it blows to his right and left, as though he had cleft it.
وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ وَالْأَخْفَشُ: شَوَاقُّ تَشُقُّ الْمَاءَ بِجَنَاحَيْهَا.
قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: تَمْخُرُ السُّفُنَ الرِّيَاحُ.
وَأَصْلُ الْمَخْرِ: الرَّفْعُ وَالشَّقُّ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: "إِذَا أَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمُ الْبَوْلَ فَلْيَسْتَمْخِرِ الرِّيحَ" (١) أَيْ لِيَنْظُرْ مِنْ أَيْنَ مَجْرَاهَا وَهُبُوبُهَا، فَلْيَسْتَدْبِرْهَا حَتَّى لَا يُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْبَوْلُ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: صَوَائِخُ، وَالْمَخْرُ: صَوْتُ هُبُوبِ الرِّيحِ عِنْدَ شِدَّتِهَا.
﴿وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: التِّجَارَةَ، ﴿وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ صُنْعَ اللَّهِ فِيمَا سَخَّرَ لَكُمْ.
(١) أخرجه ابن حبان في المجروحين: (٣ / ١٠٨) بلفظ: "إذا أراد أحدكم الخلاء فلا يستدبر الريح" وذكره الزمخشري في الفائق: (٣ / ٣٥٠) عن سراقة بن مالك قال لقومه: إذا أتى أحدكم الغائط فليكرم قبلة الله.. واستمخروا الريح"، وذكره ابن الأثير في النهاية: (٤ / ٣٠٥) بنحوه، وأشار الزيلعي إليه في نصب الراية: (٢ / ١٠٣) وعزاه للطبري في "تهذيب الآثار"، وروى الدارقطني في السنن: ١ / ٥٧ بلفظ ".. ولا يستقبل الريح" وقال: لم يروه غير مبشر بن عبيد، وهو متروك الحديث. قال ابن الأثير: والمخر في الأصل: الشق، يقال: مخرت السفينة الماء: إذا شقته بصدرها وجرت. واستمخروا الريح أي: اجعلوا ظهوركم إلى الريح عند البول؛ لأنه إذا ولاها ظهره أخذت عن يمينه ويساره، فكأنه قد شقها.