Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/11)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and that he forbade the meat of mules and donkeys. It is narrated from al-Miqdam ibn Mi‘di Karib, from Khalid ibn al-Walid, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade eating the meat of horses, mules, and donkeys. (1) Its chain of transmission is weak.

“And He creates what you do not know.” It was said that this refers to what Allah has prepared in Paradise for its people and in the Fire for its people—things no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has ever conceived.

Qatadah said: It refers to weevils in plants and worms in fruit.

“Upon Allah is the direction of the way, while some paths deviate. Had He willed, He could have guided you all. (9) He is the One Who sends down water from the sky for you: from it you drink, and from it are trees among which you pasture your livestock. (10)”

His saying, Exalted is He, “Upon Allah is the direction of the way,” means: the clarification of the path of guidance as distinct from misguidance. It was also said: the clarification of the truth through signs and proofs. ⦗199/a⦘ The right course is the straight path.

“And some paths deviate” means: among the paths are those that depart from uprightness and are crooked. Thus, the right course among the paths is the religion of Islam, while the deviating paths are Judaism, Christianity, and all other creeds of disbelief.

Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah said: “The right course of the way” means the clarification of the revealed laws and religious obligations.

‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak and Sahl ibn ‘Abd Allah said: “The right course of the way” is the sunnah, while “some paths deviate” refers to desires and religious innovations. The evidence for this is His saying, Exalted is He: “Indeed, this is My straight path, so follow it; and do not follow the other ways.” (al-An‘am, 153)

“And had He willed, He could have guided you all.” Its parallel is His saying, Exalted is He: “Had We willed, We could have given every soul its guidance.” (al-Sajdah, 13)

His saying, Exalted is He, “He is the One Who sends down water from the sky for you: from it you drink,” means: you drink it. “And from it are trees” means that from this water come the watering of your trees and the life of your plants. “Among which” means: among the trees. “You pasture your livestock” means: you graze your animals.

(1) Recorded by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-At'imah, chapter on eating horsemeat, 5:308. He said: “This has been abrogated. A number of the Prophet’s Companions ate horsemeat, including Ibn al-Zubayr, Fudalah ibn Ubayd, Anas ibn Malik, Asma bint Abi Bakr, and Suwayd ibn Ghafalah; and Quraysh used to slaughter horses during the Prophet’s time.” Al-Mundhiri said: “The hadith is weak.” See also 5:316-317. The compiler likewise declares it weak, as will be seen. It was also recorded by al-Nasa'i in Kitab al-Sayd wa-l-Dhaba'ih, chapter on the prohibition of eating horsemeat, 7:202; Ibn Majah, in the previously cited place, 2:1066; al-Daraqutni in Kitab al-Sayd wa-l-Dhaba'ih, 4:287; and Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad. In his commentary on al-Nasa'i, al-Sindi reports the scholars’ consensus that the hadith is weak; some held that it had been abrogated. See: Talkhis al-Habir, 4:150-151; Nasb al-Rayah, 4:196.

وَنَهَى عَنْ لُحُومِ الْبِغَالِ وَالْحَمِيرِ؛ رُوِيَ عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ أَكْلِ لُحُومِ الْخَيْلِ وَالْبِغَالِ وَالْحَمِيرِ (١) وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ. ﴿وَيَخْلُقُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ قِيلَ: يَعْنِي مَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ لِأَهْلِهَا، وَفِي النَّارِ لِأَهْلِهَا، مِمَّا لَمْ تَرَهُ عَيْنٌ وَلَمْ تَسْمَعْهُ أُذُنٌ وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ يَعْنِي: السُّوسَ فِي النَّبَاتِ وَالدُّودَ فِي الْفَوَاكِهِ. ﴿وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ وَمِنْهَا جَائِرٌ وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَهَدَاكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ (٩) هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَرَابٌ وَمِنْهُ شَجَرٌ فِيهِ تُسِيمُونَ (١٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ﴾ يَعْنِي: بَيَانُ طَرِيقِ الْهُدَى مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ. وَقِيلَ: بَيَانُ الْحَقِّ بالآيات والبراهين ١٩٩/أوَالْقَصْدُ: الصِّرَاطُ الْمُسْتَقِيمُ. ﴿وَمِنْهَا جَائِرٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: وَمِنَ السَّبِيلِ جَائِرٌ عَنِ الِاسْتِقَامَةِ مُعْوَجٌّ، فَالْقَصْدُ مِنَ السَّبِيلِ: دِينُ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالْجَائِرُ مِنْهَا: الْيَهُودِيَّةُ، وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّةُ، وَسَائِرُ مِلَلِ الْكُفْرِ. قَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: "قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ": بَيَانُ الشَّرَائِعِ وَالْفَرَائِضِ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: "قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ" السُّنَّةُ، "وَمِنْهَا جَائِرٌ" الْأَهْوَاءُ وَالْبِدَعُ، دَلِيلُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَأَنَّ هَذَا صِرَاطِي مُسْتَقِيمًا فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ" (الْأَنْعَامِ-١٥٣) . ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ لَهَدَاكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ﴾ نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَلَوْ شِئْنَا لَآتَيْنَا كُلَّ نَفْسٍ هُدَاهَا" (السَّجْدَةِ-١٣) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَرَابٌ﴾ تَشْرَبُونَهُ، ﴿وَمِنْهُ شَجَرٌ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ شُرْبُ أَشْجَارِكُمْ، وَحَيَاةُ نَبَاتِكُمْ، ﴿فِيهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: فِي الشَّجَرِ، ﴿تُسِيمُونَ﴾ تَرْعَوْنَ مَوَاشِيَكُمْ.

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الأطعمة، باب في أكل لحوم الخيل: ٥ / ٣٠٨، وقال: "وهذا منسوخ، وقد أكل الخيل جماعة من أصحاب النبي ﷺ: ابن الزبير، وفضالة بن عبيد، وأنس بن مالك، وأسماء بنت أبي بكر، وسويد بن غفلة، ﵃، وكانت قريش في عهد النبي ﷺ تذبحها". قال المنذري: والحديث ضعيف، وانظر أيضا: ٥ / ٣١٦-٣١٧، كما ضعفه المصنف كما تراه. وأخرجه أيضا: النسائي في الصيد والذبائح، باب تحريم أكل لحوم الخيل: ٧ / ٢٠٢، وابن ماجه في الموضع السابق: ٢ / ١٠٦٦، والدارقطني في الصيد والذبائح: ٤ / ٢٨٧، والإمام أحمد في المسند. ونقل السندي في تعليقه على النسائي اتفاق العلماء على تضعيف الحديث، وقال بعضهم إنه منسوخ. وانظر: تلخيص الحبير: ٤ / ١٥٠-١٥١، نصب الراية: ٤ / ١٩٦.