Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (5/8)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the people raised their heads, thinking that it had truly come. Then the words were revealed: “So do not seek to hasten it,” and they were reassured. (1)

Seeking to hasten something means demanding it before its proper time.

When this verse was revealed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I and the Hour have been sent like these two”—and he gestured with his two fingers—“and it almost preceded me.” (2)

Ibn Abbas said: The sending of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was among the signs of the Hour. When Gabriel, peace be upon him, passed by the inhabitants of the heavens as one sent to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, they said: “Allah is greatest! The Hour has begun.”

Others said: What is meant here by “the command” is the punishment of those who deny the truth and the torment of the sword. Al-Nadr ibn al-Harith had said: “O Allah, if this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down upon us stones from the sky.” Thus, he sought to hasten the punishment, and this verse was revealed. (3) Al-Nadr was executed after being taken captive on the day of Badr.

“Glory be to Him, and exalted is He above whatever they associate with Him.” Its meaning is that He is supremely exalted in His praiseworthy attributes above the descriptions the polytheists ascribe to Him.

“He sends down the angels with the Spirit, by His command, upon whomever He wills of His servants, commanding: ‘Warn that there is no god but I; so fear Me.’” (2)

The majority recited “He sends down the angels” with the initial y pronounced with an u-vowel and the z with an i-vowel, with “the angels” in the accusative case. Yaqub recited it with the initial t and the z pronounced with an a-vowel, with “the angels” in the nominative case. “He sends down the angels with the Spirit” means: with revelation. It is called “the Spirit” because through it He gives life to hearts through the truth.

Ata said: It means prophethood.

Qatadah said: It means mercy.

Abu Ubaydah said: “With the Spirit” means, accompanied by the Spirit, namely Gabriel. “By His command, upon whomever He wills of His servants, commanding: ‘Warn’” means: inform them that “there is no god but I; so fear Me.”

It was also said that its meaning is: Command them to say, “There is no god but Allah,” warning and cautioning them by means of the Quran if they do not say it.

(1) Recorded by al-Wahidi in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 321, without a chain of transmission. A report with similar meaning was recorded by al-Tabari, 14:75. See also al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:108; al-Qurtubi, 10:66. (2) Recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:50. Ibn Hajar said in Fath al-Bari, 11:348: “Ahmad and al-Tabari recorded it, and its chain is sound.” The hadith is also found in al-Bukhari, Book of Heart-Softening Narrations, 11:347, and in Muslim, Book of Tribulations, 4:2268. The author also recorded it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:98. (3) Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 321.

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَرَفَعَ النَّاسُ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهَا قَدْ أَتَتْ حَقِيقَةً فَنَزَلَتْ ﴿فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ﴾ فَاطْمَأَنُّوا (١) . وَالِاسْتِعْجَالُ: طَلَبُ الشَّيْءِ قَبْلَ حِينِهِ. وَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "بُعِثْتُ أَنَا وَالسَّاعَةُ كَهَاتَيْنِ وَأَشَارَ بِأُصْبُعَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَادَتْ لَتَسْبِقُنِي" (٢) . قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَ بَعْثُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ وَلَمَّا مَرَّ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ بِأَهْلِ السَّمَوَاتِ مَبْعُوثًا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَالُوا: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ قَامَتِ السَّاعَةُ. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: الْمُرَادُ بِالْأَمْرِ هَاهُنَا: عُقُوبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ وَالْعَذَابُ بِالسَّيْفِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّضْرَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَاسْتَعْجَلَ الْعَذَابَ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (٣) . وَقُتِلَ النَّضْرُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ صَبْرًا. ﴿سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ مَعْنَاهُ تَعَاظَمَ بِالْأَوْصَافِ الْحَمِيدَةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُهُ بِهِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. ﴿يُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ (٢) ﴾ ﴿يُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ﴾ قَرَأَ الْعَامَّةُ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَكَسْرِ الزَّايِ، وَ ﴿الْمَلَائِكَةَ﴾ نَصْبٌ. وَقَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ بِالتَّاءِ وَفَتْحِهَا وَفَتْحِ الزَّايِ وَ" الْمَلَائِكَةُ " رَفْعٌ، ﴿يُنَزِّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ﴾ بِالْوَحْيِ، سَمَّاهُ رُوحًا لِأَنَّهُ يُحْيِيِ بِهِ الْقُلُوبَ وَالْحَقَّ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: بِالنُّبُوَّةِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بِالرَّحْمَةِ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: "بِالرُّوحِ" يَعْنِي مَعَ الرُّوحِ، وَهُوَ جِبْرِيلُ. ﴿مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا﴾ أَعْلِمُوا: ﴿أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ﴾ وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ مُرُوهُمْ بِقَوْلِ "لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ" مُنْذِرِينَ مُخَوِّفِينَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِنْ لَمْ يَقُولُوا.

(١) أخرجه الواحدي في "أسباب النزول" ص (٣٢١) بدون إسناد، وبمعناه أخرجه الطبري: ١٤ / ٧٥، وانظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ١٠٨، القرطبي: ١٠ / ٦٦. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في "المسند": ٢ / ٥٠، قال ابن حجر في "الفتح": ١١ / ٣٤٨: "أخرجه أحمد والطبري وسنده حسن". وأصل الحديث في البخاري، كتاب الرقاق: ١١ / ٣٤٧، وفي مسلم في كتاب الفتن: ٤ / ٢٢٦٨. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٩٨. (٣) أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٣٢١) .