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to those who are below you, and do not look to those above you, for that is more likely to keep you from belittling Allah’s blessing upon you.” (1)
It has also been said that this verse is connected to what precedes it: after Allah, Exalted is He, bestowed the Quran upon him, He forbade him from desiring worldly things.
It is related that Sufyan ibn Uyaynah (d. 198 AH), may Allah have mercy on him, understood the Prophet’s saying, “He is not one of us who does not seek sufficiency through the Quran,” (2) to mean: one who does not find sufficiency in the Quran. He thus interpreted this verse accordingly. (3)
Allah’s saying, “And lower your wing,” means: Be gentle with the believers and treat them kindly. A human being’s two wings are his two sides.
“And say, ‘Indeed, I am the clear warner,’ (89) just as We sent down upon those who divided [the Scripture].” (90)
(1) Reported by Muslim in al-Zuhd wa al-Raqaiq, no. 2963, 4:2275, and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:293.
(2) Reported by al-Bukhari in the section on tawhid, in the chapter on Allah’s saying, “Whether you conceal your words or proclaim them aloud,” 3:501, as well as elsewhere.
(3) Al-Bukhari reported in Fada'il al-Quran, in the chapter “Whoever does not yataghanna (recite melodiously) with the Quran,” 9:68, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, tracing it to the Prophet: “Allah has not listened to anything as He listens to a prophet reciting the Quran melodiously.” Sufyan said: “Its interpretation is that he finds sufficiency in it.”
In Fath al-Bari, 9:69, it states: “This may be supported by what Abu Dawud and Ibn al-Durays reported, and which Abu Awanah authenticated, from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, from Ubayd Allah ibn Nuhayk, who said: ‘Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas met me in the marketplace and said: “Merchants and earners! I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: He is not one of us who does not yataghanna with the Quran.”’”
Abu Ubayd approved the interpretation of yataghanna as “finds sufficiency,” stating that this usage is permissible in Arabic. He cited al-A'sha: “For a time I was a man in Iraq, light in lodging and long in self-sufficiency,” meaning, greatly self-sufficient. Al-Mughirah ibn Hibna' said: “Each of us is independent of his brother during his life, and when we die, we are even more independent of one another.” He said: Accordingly, its meaning is that whoever does not find sufficiency in the Quran rather than seeking an abundance of worldly things is not of us, that is, not upon our way.
Ibn Kathir supported Sufyan ibn Uyaynah's interpretation of the hadith, saying: “It is a sound interpretation, but it is not what is intended by the hadith.” See Ibn Kathir, 2:558. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, rejected Ibn Uyaynah's interpretation, saying that if its meaning were self-sufficiency, the wording would have been yataghana; whereas beautifying the voice is yataghanna. See al-Baghawi, Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:487. For the ruling on reciting the Quran melodiously, and the scholars’ disagreement concerning it and its meaning, see Fath al-Bari, 9:69-72; al-Qurtubi's Tafsir, 1:11 ff.; and al-Nawawi, al-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalat al-Quran, pp. 87-90.
إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَلَا تَنْظُرُوا إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَكُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَجْدَرُ أَنْ لَا تَزْدَرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ" (١) .
وَقِيلَ: هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مُتَّصِلَةٌ بِمَا قَبْلَهَا لِمَا مَنَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ بِالْقُرْآنِ نَهَاهُ عَنِ الرَّغْبَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا.
رُوِيَ أَنَّ سُفْيَانَ بن عُيَيْنة ١٩٨/أ ﵀ -تَأَوَّلَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ "لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ" (٢) أَيْ: لَمْ يَسْتَغْنِ بِالْقُرْآنِ. فَتَأَوَّلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ﴾ لَيِّنْ جَنَاحَكَ ﴿لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ وَارْفُقْ بِهِمْ، وَالْجَنَاحَانِ لِابْنِ آدَمَ جَانِبَاهُ.
﴿وَقُلْ إِنِّي أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْمُبِينُ (٨٩) كَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الْمُقْتَسِمِينَ (٩٠) ﴾
(١) أخرجه مسلم في الزهد والرقائق، برقم (٢٩٦٣) ٤ / ٢٢٧٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٩٣.
(٢) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب قول الله تعالى: "وأسروا قولكم أو أجهروا به" ٣ / ٥٠١ وفي مواضع أخرى.
(٣) أخرج البخاري في فضائل القرآن، باب "من لم يتغن بالقرآن" (٩ / ٦٨) عن أبي هريرة مرفوعا: ما أذن الله لشيء ما أذن لنبي أن يتغنى بالقرآن" قال سفيان: تفسيره يستغني به". قال في فتح الباري (٩ / ٦٩) ويمكن أن يستأنس بما أخرجه أبو داود، وابن الضريس، وصححه أبو عوانة عن ابن أبي مليكة عن عبيد الله بن نهيك قال: "لقيني سعد بن أبي وقاص وأنا في السوق فقال: تُجَّار كَسَبَة، سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: ليس منا من لم يتغن بالقرآن" وقد ارتضى أبو عبيد تفسير يتغنى بيستغني - وقال: إنه جائز في كلام العرب، وأنشد الأعشى: وكنت امرأ زمنا بالعراق ... خفيف المناخ طويل التغني
أي: كثير الاستغناء. وقال المغيرة بن حبناء: كلانا غني عن أخيه حياته ... ونحن إذا متنا أشدُّ تغانيا
قال: فعلى هذا يكون المعنى: من لم يستغن بالقرآن عن الإكثار من الدنيا، فليس منا، أي: على طريقتنا. وأيّد ابن كثير تفسير سفيان بن عيينة للحديث فقال: وهو تفسير صحيح، ولكن ليس هو المقصود من الحديث. انظر: ابن كثير: ٢ / ٥٥٨. وردَّ الشافعي ﵀ تفسير ابن عيينة بأنه لو كان معناه على الاستغناء، لكان "يتغانى" وتحسين الصوت هو يتغنى. انظر شرح السنة للبغوي: ٤ / ٤٨٧، وراجع حكم التغني بالقرآن واختلاف العلماء فيه وفي معناه في: فتح الباري: ٩ / ٦٩-٧٢، تفسير القرطبي: ١ / ١١ وما بعدها، التبيان في آداب حملة القرآن للنووي ص (٨٧-٩٠) .