Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/390)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He said: He covered himself with his cloak while still upon the saddle. (1)

Abd al-Razzaq said, from Mamar: “Then he covered his head and hastened on until he had passed through the valley.” (2)

“And We have not created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except in truth. And indeed, the Hour is surely coming, so pardon with gracious pardon. (85) Indeed, your Lord is the All-Creating, the All-Knowing. (86) And We have certainly given you seven of the oft-repeated verses and the Magnificent Quran. (87)”

His saying, Exalted is He, “And We have not created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them except in truth. And indeed, the Hour”—meaning, the Day of Resurrection—“is surely coming”: He will recompense the one who does good for his goodness and the evildoer for his evil. “So pardon with gracious pardon”: that is, turn away from them and forgive them with a fair forgiveness. This was abrogated by the verse commanding fighting. (3)

“Indeed, your Lord is the All-Creating, the All-Knowing,” [of His creation]. (4)

His saying, Exalted is He, “And We have certainly given you seven of the oft-repeated verses”: Umar and Ali said: It is the Opening Chapter of the Book. This was also the view of Qatadah, Ata, al-Hasan, and Said ibn Jubayr.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Adam narrated to us; Ibn Abi Dhib narrated to us; Said al-Maqburi narrated to us, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “The Mother of the Quran is the seven oft-repeated verses and the Magnificent Quran.” (5)

Ibn Masud said concerning the seven oft-repeated verses: They are the Opening Chapter of the Book; and the Magnificent Quran is the rest of the Quran. (6)

They differed as to why the Opening Chapter was called “the Oft-Repeated.” Ibn Abbas, al-Hasan, and Qatadah said: Because it is repeated in the prayer, being recited in every unit of prayer. (7)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in The Book of the Prophets, chapter: “And to Thamud We sent their brother Salih,” 6:378-379; and by Muslim in The Book of Asceticism, chapter: “Do not enter the dwellings of those who wronged themselves,” no. 2980, 4:2286. Also cited by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:361. (2) Abd al-Razzaq, al-Musannaf, 1:415; and al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan, 2:451. (3) See above, the commentary on verse 3 of this surah, p. 78, note 6. (4) Omitted from manuscript A. (5) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the commentary on Surah al-Hijr, chapter: “We have given you the seven oft-repeated verses and the magnificent Quran,” 8:381. See also Fath al-Bari, same place. (6) Recorded by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 14:55. Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to Ibn al-Durays, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Ibn Mardawayh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:94; Zad al-Masir, 4:413. (7) See al-Tabari, 14:54-55; al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:95-96; Zad al-Masir, 4:413-414, which detail these views and attribute them to their respective proponents. See also above, 1:49.

قَالَ: وَتَقَنَّعَ بِرِدَائِهِ وَهُوَ عَلَى الرَّحْلِ (١) . وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ: "ثُمَّ قَنَّعَ رَأْسَهُ وَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ حَتَّى اجْتَازَ الْوَادِيَ" (٢) . ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَآتِيَةٌ فَاصْفَحِ الصَّفْحَ الْجَمِيلَ (٨٥) إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْعَلِيمُ (٨٦) وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ (٨٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ السَّاعَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقِيَامَةَ ﴿لَآتِيَةٌ﴾ يُجَازِي الْمُحْسِنَ بِإِحْسَانِهِ وَالْمُسِيءَ بِإِسَاءَتِهِ ﴿فَاصْفَحِ الصَّفْحَ الْجَمِيلَ﴾ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَاعْفُ عَفْوًا حَسَنًا. نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْقِتَالِ (٣) . ﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ [بِخَلْقِهِ] (٤) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَاكَ سَبْعًا مِنَ الْمَثَانِي﴾ قَالَ عُمَرُ وَعَلِيٌّ: هِيَ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ قَتَادَةَ وَعَطَاءٍ وَالْحَسَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ هِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ" (٥) . وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ فِي السَّبْعِ الْمَثَانِي: هِيَ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ، وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ: هُوَ سَائِرُ الْقُرْآنِ (٦) . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي أَنَّ الْفَاتِحَةَ لِمَ سُمِّيَتْ مَثَانِيَ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنُ وَقَتَادَةُ: لِأَنَّهَا تُثَنَّى فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَتُقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ (٧) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب قول الله تعالى: "وإلى ثمود أخاهم صالحا" ٦ / ٣٧٨-٣٧٩، ومسلم في الزهد، باب "لا تدخلوا مساكن الذين ظلموا أنفسهم" برقم (٢٩٨٠) ٤ / ٢٢٨٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٦١. (٢) المصنف لعبد الرزاق: ١ / ٤١٥، والبيهقي في السنن: ٢ / ٤٥١. (٣) انظر فيما سبق، تفسير الآية (٣) من السورة: ص ٧٨ تعليق (٦) . (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة الحجر، باب "ولقد آتيناك سبعا من المثاني والقرآن العظيم": ٨ / ٣٨١ وانظر: فتح الباري: الموضع نفسه. (٦) أخرجه الطبري في التفسير: ١٤ / ٥٥، وزاد السيوطي نسبته لابن الضريس، وابن المنذر، وابن مردويه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٩٤، زاد المسير: ٤ / ٤١٣. (٧) انظر: الطبري: ١٤ / ٥٤-٥٥، الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٩٥-٩٦، زاد المسير: ٤ / ٤١٣-٤١٤، ففيها تفصيل هذه الأقوال ونسبتها لأصحابها. وراجع فيما سبق: ١ / ٤٩.