Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/389)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“So We took retribution from them. And indeed, both of them lie on a clear, open road. (79) And certainly the people of al-Hijr denied the messengers. (80) We gave them Our signs, but they turned away from them. (81) They used to carve secure dwellings out of the mountains. (82) Then the Cry seized them in the morning. (83) And what they used to earn availed them nothing. (84)”

“So We took retribution from them” through punishment. This was because Allah subjected them to intense heat for seven days. Then Allah sent a cloud, and they sought refuge beneath it, seeking relief. But Allah sent down fire upon them from it, and it burned them. This is the meaning of His saying, Exalted is He: “Then the punishment of the Day of the Canopy seized them” (al-Shu'ara, 189).

“And indeed, both of them”—that is, the towns of Lot’s people and the People of the Thicket—“lie on a clear, open road”: that is, upon a plain and evident route.

His saying, Exalted is He: “And certainly the people of al-Hijr denied the messengers”: al-Hijr was the city of Thamud, the people of Saleh, and it lies between Medina and Syria. By “the messengers,” Saleh alone is meant. (2)

“We gave them Our signs”: that is, the she-camel, her young, and the well. The signs connected with the she-camel were her emerging from the rock, her great size, her imminent delivery, and the abundance of her milk. “But they turned away from them.”

“They used to carve secure dwellings out of the mountains”: secure from ruin and from the mountain collapsing upon them.

“Then the Cry seized them”: that is, the cry of punishment, “in the morning”: that is, as they entered the time of morning.

“And what they used to earn availed them nothing”: namely, their idolatry and wicked deeds.

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Tawbah informed us; Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Harith informed us; Muhammad ibn Yaqub al-Kisa'i informed us; Abd Allah ibn Mahmud narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal informed us; Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Mamar, from al-Zuhri, from Salim ibn Abd Allah, from his father, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said when he passed by al-Hijr: “Do not enter the dwellings of those who wronged themselves unless you are weeping, lest there befall you what befell them.”

(1) In manuscript A: “it was narrated.” (2) It is mentioned in the plural because whoever denies or disbelieves in even one prophet has disbelieved in all the prophets. Belief in every prophet whom Allah sent to the people of the earth is obligatory. Thus, whoever rejects a prophet’s prophethood out of envy, partisanship, or personal desire ... it becomes clear that his belief in, and affirmation of, those prophets in whom he does believe is not legally valid faith. For a fuller discussion, see Uthman Jumu'ah Dumayriyyah, “Indeed, the Religion with Allah Is Islam,” Majallat al-Buhuth al-Islamiyyah, no. 16.

﴿فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمَا لَبِإِمَامٍ مُبِينٍ (٧٩) وَلَقَدْ كَذَّبَ أَصْحَابُ الْحِجْرِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ (٨٠) وَآتَيْنَاهُمْ آيَاتِنَا فَكَانُوا عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ (٨١) وَكَانُوا يَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا آمِنِينَ (٨٢) فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ مُصْبِحِينَ (٨٣) فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (٨٤) ﴾ ﴿فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ﴾ بِالْعَذَابِ، وَذَلِكَ (١) أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَلَّطَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحَرَّ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَبَعَثَ الله سحابة فالتجؤوا إِلَيْهَا يَلْتَمِسُونَ الرَّوْحَ، فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْهَا نَارًا فَأَحْرَقَتْهُمْ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ﴾ (الشُّعَرَاءِ-١٨٩) . ﴿وَإِنَّهُمَا﴾ يَعْنِي مَدِينَتَي قَوْمِ لُوطٍ وَأَصْحَابِ الْأَيْكَةِ ﴿لَبِإِمَامٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ بِطَرِيقٍ وَاضِحٍ مُسْتَبِينٍ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَقَدْ كَذَّبَ أَصْحَابُ الْحِجْرِ﴾ وَهِيَ مَدِينَةُ ثَمُودَ قَوْمِ صَالِحٍ، وَهِيَ بَيْنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالشَّامِ، ﴿الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ أَرَادَ صَالِحًا وَحْدَهُ. (٢) . ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُمْ آيَاتِنَا﴾ يَعْنِي: النَّاقَةَ وَوَلَدَهَا وَالْبِئْرَ، فَالْآيَاتُ فِي النَّاقَةِ؛ خُرُوجُهَا مِنَ الصَّخْرَةِ، وَكِبَرُهَا، وَقُرْبُ وِلَادِهَا، وَغَزَارَةُ لَبَنِهَا ﴿فَكَانُوا عَنْهَا مُعْرِضِينَ﴾ ﴿وَكَانُوا يَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا آمِنِينَ﴾ مِنَ الْخَرَابِ وَوُقُوعِ الْجَبَلِ عَلَيْهِمْ. ﴿فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ﴾ يَعْنِي: صَيْحَةَ الْعَذَابِ، ﴿مُصْبِحِينَ﴾ أَيْ: دَاخِلِينَ فِي وَقْتِ الصُّبْحِ. ﴿فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ وَالْأَعْمَالِ الْخَبِيثَةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي تَوْبَةَ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا مَرَّ بِالْحِجْرِ قَالَ: "لَا تَدْخُلُوا مَسَاكِنَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونُوا بَاكِينَ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ".

(١) في "أ" روي. (٢) وإنما ذكر بلفظ الجمع لأن من كذب بنبي واحد أو كفر، فقد كفر بسائر الأنبياء فإن الإيمان واجب بكل نبي بعثه الله تعالى إلى أهل الأرض، فمن رد نبوته لحسد أو عصبية أو هوى ... يتبين أن إيمانه بمن آمن به من الأنبياء، وتصديقه له، ليس إيمانا شرعيا. وانظر تفصيلا أوسع لهذا في "مجلة البحوث الإسلامية" العدد (١٦) بعنوان "إن الدين عند الله الإسلام" كتبه: عثمان جمعة ضميرية.