Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (4/383)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

they will emerge. In the second are the Christians; in the third, the Jews; in the fourth, the Sabians; in the fifth, the Magians; in the sixth, the polytheists; and in the seventh, the hypocrites. This is indicated by His saying, exalted is He: “Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire.” (al-Nisa 145)

It is narrated from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Hell has seven gates. One of them is for whoever unsheathes the sword against my ummah—or, he said, against the community of Muhammad.” (1)

“Indeed, the righteous will be amid gardens and springs. (45) ‘Enter them in peace, safe and secure.’ (46) And We shall remove whatever resentment is within their hearts, so that they will be brothers, facing one another on thrones. (47) No weariness shall touch them therein, nor shall they ever be removed from it. (48) Inform My servants that I am indeed the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.” (49)

His saying, exalted is He, “Indeed, the righteous will be amid gardens and springs,” means: amid orchards and rivers.

“Enter them”: that is, they will be told, “Enter Paradise in peace,” meaning, in safety, “safe and secure” from death, expulsion, and all afflictions.

“And We shall remove”—that is, We shall take away—“whatever resentment is within their hearts”: namely, rancour, enmity, spite, and envy. “Brothers” is in the accusative as a circumstantial expression. “On thrones” is the plural of a couch; “facing one another,” each facing the other, so that none of them looks at the back of his companion’s neck.

In some reports, it is said that when a believer in Paradise wishes to meet his believing brother, the couch of each of them will travel toward the other, and they will meet and converse.

“No weariness shall touch them therein”: that is, no fatigue shall afflict them. “Nor shall they ever be removed from it”: this is the Quran’s most explicit verse affirming everlasting residence.

His saying, exalted is He, “Inform My servants that I am indeed the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful”: Ibn Abbas said: This refers to those among them who repent.

It is narrated that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, once came upon a group of his Companions while they were laughing, and said, “Do you laugh while the Fire lies before you?” Then Gabriel, peace be upon him, descended with this verse and said, “Your Lord says to you, O Muhammad: Why do you cause My servants to despair of My mercy?” (2)

(1) Al-Tirmidhi, in his commentary on Surat al-Hijr, 8:551-552, said: “This is a gharib hadith; we know it only through the narration of Malik ibn Mighwal.” It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:94. Al-Suyuti attributed it to al-Bukhari in al-Tarikh and to Ibn Mardawayh. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:81. (2) Al-Tabari recorded it from a man among the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 14:39. Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Mardawayh; see al-Durr al-Manthur, 5:86. It is also mentioned by al-Wahidi in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 320; al-Qurtubi in his Tafsir, 10:34; and Abu Hayyan in al-Bahr, 5:457. Al-Tabarani narrated a similar report from Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, without mentioning the descent of Jibril; its chain includes Musa ibn Ubaydah, who is weak. See Majma al-Zawaid, 7:46.

يَخْرُجُونَ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ النَّصَارَى، وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ الْيَهُودُ، وَفِي الرَّابِعَةِ الصَّابِئُونَ، وَفِي الْخَامِسَةِ الْمَجُوسُ، وَفِي السَّادِسَةِ أَهْلُ الشِّرْكِ، وَفِي السَّابِعَةِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ﴾ (النِّسَاءِ-١٤٥) . وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لِجَهَنَّمَ سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ بَابٌ مِنْهَا لِمَنْ سَلَّ السَّيْفَ عَلَى أُمَّتِي أَوْ قَالَ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ" (١) . ﴿إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ (٤٥) ادْخُلُوهَا بِسَلَامٍ آمِنِينَ (٤٦) وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ (٤٧) لَا يَمَسُّهُمْ فِيهَا نَصَبٌ وَمَا هُمْ مِنْهَا بِمُخْرَجِينَ (٤٨) نَبِّئْ عِبَادِي أَنِّي أَنَا الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ (٤٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ﴾ أَيْ: فِي بَسَاتِينَ وَأَنْهَارٍ. ﴿ادْخُلُوهَا﴾ أَيْ: يُقَالُ لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ ﴿بِسَلَامٍ﴾ أَيْ: بِسَلَامَةٍ ﴿آمِنِينَ﴾ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْخُرُوجِ وَالْآفَاتِ. ﴿وَنَزَعْنَا﴾ أَخْرَجْنَا ﴿مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ﴾ هُوَ الشَّحْنَاءُ وَالْعَدَاوَةُ وَالْحِقْدُ وَالْحَسَدُ، ﴿إِخْوَانًا﴾ نُصِبَ عَلَى الْحَالِ ﴿عَلَى سُرُرٍ﴾ جَمْعُ سَرِيرٍ ﴿مُتَقَابِلِينَ﴾ يُقَابِلُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، لَا يَنْظُرُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى قَفَا صَاحِبِه. وَفِي بَعْضِ الْأَخْبَارِ: إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ إِذَا وَدَّ أَنْ يَلْقَى أَخَاهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ سَارَ سَرِيرُ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَيَلْتَقِيَانِ وَيَتَحَدَّثَانِ. ﴿لَا يَمَسُّهُمْ﴾ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ﴿فِيهَا نَصَبٌ﴾ أَيْ: تَعَبٌ ﴿وَمَا هُمْ مِنْهَا بِمُخْرَجِينَ﴾ هَذِهِ أَنَصُّ آيَةٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ عَلَى الْخُلُودِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿نَبِّئْ عِبَادِي أَنِّي أَنَا الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي لِمَنْ تَابَ مِنْهُمْ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ يَوْمًا عَلَى نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَهُمْ يَضْحَكُونَ، فَقَالَ: "أَتَضْحَكُونَ وَبَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُمُ النَّارُ" فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، وَقَالَ: "يَقُولُ لَكَ رَبُّكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لِمَ تُقَنِّطْ عِبَادِي مِنْ رَحْمَتِي" (٢) ?

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة الحجر: ٨ / ٥٥١-٥٥٢، وقال: هذا حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث مالك بن مغول، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٩٤. وعزاه السيوطي للبخاري في "التاريخ" ولابن مردويه. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٨١. (٢) أخرجه الطبري عن رجل من أصحاب النبي ﷺ: ١٤ / ٣٩، وعزاه السيوطي لابن مردويه، الدر المنثور: ٥ / ٨٦، وذكره الواحدي في "أسباب النزول" ص (٣٢٠) ، والقرطبي في التفسير: ١٠ / ٣٤، وأبو حيان في البحر: ٥ / ٤٥٧. وروى نحوه دون ذكر نزول جبريل، الطبراني عن عبد الله بن الزبير، وفيه موسى بن عبيدة وهو ضعيف. انظر: مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٤٦.